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National surveillance report presenting laboratory and molecular data on antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative pathogens isolated from bloodstream infections in Australia during 2020.
Year:
2020
Country:
Australia
Region:
Nationwide
Organisation:
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR)
Programme:
Australian Gram-negative Sepsis Outcome Programme (GnSOP)
Authors:
Jan M Bell; Alicia Fajardo Lubian; Sally R Partridge; Thomas Gottlieb; Jonathan Iredell; Denise A Daley; Geoffrey W Coombs
Type of document:
Annual surveillance report
Subject:
Antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bloodstream infections
Pathogens studied:
Enterobacterales; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Enterobacter cloacae complex; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Acinetobacter species
Sample size:
8,752 isolates
Study period:
1 January to 31 December 2020
Participating laboratories:
30 laboratories
Institutions covered:
49 institutions
Methodology:
Automated susceptibility testing; PCR screening; whole genome sequencing
Standards applied:
CLSI M100; EUCAST v11.0 (January 2021)
Key focus:
Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins; fluoroquinolones; piperacillin-tazobactam; carbapenems; colistin
Carbapenemase genes detected:
blaIMP-4; blaGES-5; blaNDM-1; blaNDM-5; blaOXA-48; blaOXA-181; blaIMI-1; blaOXA-23+NDM-1
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Year:
2022
Region / City:
Australia
Topic:
Antimicrobial resistance, bloodstream infections, gram-negative pathogens
Document Type:
Annual Report
Institution:
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR)
Authors:
Jan M Bell, Alicia Fajardo Lubian, Sally R Partridge, Thomas Gottlieb, Jennifer Robson, Jonathan R Iredell, Denise A Daley, Geoffrey W Coombs
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals, researchers, and policy makers in antimicrobial resistance
Date of Approval:
16/11/2023
Date of Last Update:
16/11/2023
Year:
2021
Region / City:
United Kingdom
Subject:
Health economics, antimicrobial evaluation
Document type:
Final report
Organization / Institution:
Centre for Health Economics, University of York; Health Economics and Decision Science, University of Sheffield
Author:
Sue Harnan, Ben Kearns, Alison Scope, Laetitia Schmitt, Dina Jankovic, Jean Hamilton, Ruth Wong, Tushar Srivastava, Harry Hill, Chu Chang Ku, Kate Ren, Claire Rothery, Laura Bojke, Mark Sculpher, Beth Woods
Target audience:
Healthcare professionals, policymakers, researchers
Period of validity:
2016 - ongoing
Approval date:
October 2021
Date of last modification:
October 2021
Year:
2022
Region / City:
Australia
Topic:
Antimicrobial resistance, bloodstream infections, gram-negative pathogens
Document Type:
Annual Report
Institution:
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR)
Authors:
Jan M Bell, Alicia Fajardo Lubian, Sally R Partridge, Thomas Gottlieb, Jennifer Robson, Jonathan R Iredell, Denise A Daley, Geoffrey W Coombs
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals, researchers, and policy makers in antimicrobial resistance
Date of Approval:
16/11/2023
Date of Last Update:
16/11/2023
Year:
Not specified
Region / City:
Not specified
Topic:
Bacterial biology, Gram-negative bacteria, Lipopolysaccharides
Document Type:
Educational Material
Organization / Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Students or professionals in microbiology
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Global
Topic:
Antimicrobial Activity, Silver Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis
Document Type:
Research Article
Organization / Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Researchers, Scientists in Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Nanotechnology
Period of Validity:
Not applicable
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2009–2017
Region / City:
Shenzhen, Hangzhou, California, London, Overland Park, Michigan
Theme:
Antimicrobial resistance, Clinical pharmacology
Document type:
Supplementary data / Clinical study summary
Institution:
Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University; University of Southern California; AstraZeneca; Pfizer; Forest Laboratories
Authors:
Tingting Xu, Yuqi Guo, Yang Ji, Baohong Wang, Kai Zhou
Target audience:
Researchers in microbiology and pharmacology
Study population:
Adults and children (3 months–90 years), healthy volunteers and patients with infections
Clinical conditions:
Cystic fibrosis, complicated urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, neutropenic febrile conditions, systemic infections, ICU patients
Trial phases:
I–IV
Interventions:
Ceftazidime–avibactam alone or in combination with other antibiotics
Completion dates:
2009–2017
Locations of resistance studies:
UK, in vitro assays
Organisms studied:
K. pneumoniae
Resistance mechanisms:
KPC-3 mutants with amino acid substitutions and insertions
Year:
2026
Countries involved:
China, Greece, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, Thailand, Spain
Study type:
Phase 3 randomized clinical trial
Therapeutic area:
Infectious diseases, antibacterial therapy
Pathogens:
Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
Interventions:
Aztreonam-avibactam, comparator therapy (best available therapy)
Patient population:
Adults ≥18 years with serious bacterial infections (cIAI, HAP, VAP, cUTI, BSI)
Enrollment period:
Screening to day 45 follow-up
Ethics approval:
Local IEC/IRB approvals in all participating countries
Primary endpoints:
Clinical and microbiological outcomes at test-of-cure (day 28 ±3)
Secondary endpoints:
Safety and tolerability during and after treatment
Authors:
George L. Daikos, José Miguel Cisneros, Yehuda Carmeli, Minggui Wang, Chee Loon Leong, Konstantinos Pontikis, Anastasia Anderzhanova, Simin Florescu, Roman Kozlov, Eduardo Rodriguez-Noriega, Mina Psichogiou, Pinyo Rattanaumpawan, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Venkatasubramanian Ramasubramanian, Francis F. Arhin, Halley Rogers, Michele Wible, Joanne Leaney, Daria Jacobson, Rienk Pypstra, Joseph W. Chow
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Canberra
Theme:
Sepsis management
Document Type:
Guideline
Institution:
Canberra Health Services
Author:
Canberra Health Services Team
Target Audience:
Medical Team members, Registered Nurses and Midwives, Enrolled Nurses, Pharmacists, Allied Health professionals
Period of Validity:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Note:
Year
Theme:
Medical procedure
Document Type:
Clinical guideline
Organization / Institution:
Canberra Health Services
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals at North Canberra Hospital
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Warrington
Topic:
Sepsis Screening
Document Type:
Instructional Guide
Organization / Institution:
Warrington Emergency Department
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals
Action Period:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2017
Region / City:
Emergency Department
Topic:
Severe Sepsis, Septic Shock, Patient Rescreening
Document Type:
Advisory, Medical Alert
Institution:
UCLA
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Emergency Department Nurses
Action Period:
3/3/17 – proposed changes
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
3/24/17
Context:
A guideline for the early identification and rescreening of patients at risk for severe sepsis or septic shock in an emergency department setting, with detailed criteria for triggers and actions.
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Swansea Bay UHB
Subject:
Sepsis Quality Priority
Document Type:
Report
Institution:
Swansea Bay University Health Board
Author:
Dr. Rangaswamy Mothukuri, Lisa Fabb
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals
Period of Action:
2021-2024
Approval Date:
November 2024
Amendment Date:
N/A
Sponsoring Organization:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Implementing Organization:
ICF
Document Type:
Focus Group Moderator’s Guide
Topic:
Sepsis education and health communication materials testing
Target Audience:
Cancer patients and their caregivers
Purpose:
Collection of feedback on sepsis knowledge and evaluation of educational materials
Format:
Structured discussion guide with scripted questions and probes
Estimated Session Duration:
Approximately 60 minutes
Components:
Welcome script, consent procedures, discussion questions, material testing segment
Referenced Material:
“Protect Yourself and Your Family from Sepsis” Fact Sheet
Data Collection Method:
Audio-recorded focus group interview
Confidentiality Provisions:
Removal of identifying information from reports
Year:
2023
Region / city:
Multicenter
Topic:
Sepsis, Procalcitonin kinetics, Mortality prediction
Document type:
Supplemental Content
Organization:
Multiple medical centers
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
Healthcare professionals, researchers in sepsis
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval date:
Not specified
Modification date:
Not specified
Year:
2026
Region / City:
United States (National)
Topic:
Health communication, sepsis awareness
Document type:
Focus group moderator guide
Organization:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ICF
Audience:
Spanish-speaking women
Duration:
75 minutes
Content format:
Discussion guide with sections on welcome, knowledge assessment, and material testing
Materials included:
Animated video “Cuatro Maneras De Ganarle a la Septicemia”
Purpose:
Collect participant feedback on health communication materials and sepsis awareness
Document type:
Supplementary research tables and figure
Field of study:
Infectious diseases and clinical epidemiology
Topic:
Sepsis onset timing, bloodstream pathogens, and statistical analysis of clinical variables
Related condition:
Sepsis during the CIN window
Data scope:
Distribution of sepsis onset times from index time (T0; first CIN onset)
Sample size (sepsis cases):
48
Blood culture isolates analyzed:
31
Pathogen categories:
Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, fungi
Key pathogens listed:
Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Viridans streptococci; Enterococcus spp; Staphylococcus aureus; Candida albicans
Statistical analysis:
Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) analysis after excluding CRP
Variables analyzed:
CAR, RDW, PLT, PCT, IL6, Oral mucosal status, Risk stratification
Figure description:
Missing data assessment for variables included in the analyses
Abbreviations defined:
CAR (C-reactive protein/albumin ratio); PCT (procalcitonin); RDW (red blood cell distribution width); PLT (platelet)
Year:
2026
Topic:
Infectious diseases, surgical site infections
Document type:
Medical reference / educational material
Target audience:
Healthcare professionals, medical students
Key terms:
Infection, bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, abscess, cellulitis, MODS, SIRS
Clinical focus:
Wound infection classification, abscess formation, systemic inflammatory responses
Treatment overview:
Drainage procedures, antibiotic therapy, systemic support
Pathogens mentioned:
Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli)
Onset period:
7–10 days post-surgery for wound abscesses
Year:
2015
Region / city:
Global
Topic:
Infectious diseases, sepsis, viral and bacterial co-infections
Document type:
Scientific article
Organization / institution:
Various medical institutions and researchers
Author:
Multiple authors
Target audience:
Medical professionals, researchers in infectious diseases
Effective period:
N/A
Approval date:
2015
Modification date:
N/A
Study period:
3 years
Location:
United Kingdom
Target group:
Adults admitted to ICU with sepsis
Study type:
Clinical research trial
Interventions:
PCR diagnostic testing, fluid management trial, GM-CSF treatment trial
Number of participants:
Up to 3800 patients
Purpose:
To evaluate optimal treatments for sepsis
Sponsor:
Not specified
Consent required:
Yes
Follow-up:
3 and 6 months post-enrollment
Intervention:
Arthroscopic hip surgery
Conditions treated:
Labral tear; Femoro-Acetabular Impingement (FAI); Sepsis of the hip joint; Loose body
Document type:
Commissioning policy / clinical commissioning position
Subject area:
Orthopaedic surgery; hip joint disorders
Clinical indications:
Labral tear; Femoro-Acetabular Impingement Syndrome; septic arthritis of the native hip joint; intra-articular loose bodies following trauma
Eligibility criteria:
Defined clinical, radiological, symptomatic, and treatment history requirements including failure of conservative therapy
Target patient group:
Adults aged 18–50 years for FAI-related surgery
Authoring body:
NICE referenced; British Hip Society referenced
Register requirement:
Non-Arthroplasty Hip Surgery Register maintained by the British Hip Society
Evidence basis:
Clinical and radiological diagnosis including X-ray, MRI, and CT
Effective from:
October 2024
Policy review date:
October 2027
References:
NICE IPG408 guidance; British Orthopaedic Association guidance on hip pain in adults; British Hip Society Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry; SANJO guideline for septic arthritis; Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma article on arthroscopic removal of loose bodies