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This document provides a detailed proposal for defining the computational complexity metric of the ULBC codec, combining both classical DSP and modern ML components in a hybrid evaluation approach.
Year:
2026
Region / City:
Goa, India
Topic:
Complexity estimation for ULBC
Document Type:
Technical specification
Organization / Institution:
3GPP
Author:
Fraunhofer IIS
Target Audience:
Researchers, engineers, codec developers
Period of Validity:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
9-13 February 2026
Revision Date:
None
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Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
AI Codec Complexity, Mobile Devices
Document Type:
Discussion Paper
Organization / Institution:
3GPP TSG-SA WG4
Author:
vivo
Target Audience:
Industry professionals, engineers, researchers
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Fukuoka, Japan
Topic:
Speech Codec Testing
Document Type:
Discussion and Agreement
Organization:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Novamint
Target Audience:
Technical experts in speech codecs
Effective Period:
May 2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
Codec Design, AI, Speech Processing
Document Type:
Discussion Paper
Organization / Institution:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Nokia, Xiaomi Technology, Orange
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
3GPP working groups, codec developers
Period of Validity:
2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Note:
Context description
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Japan, Fukuoka
Topic:
Ultra-low bit rate speech codecs, Test methodologies
Document Type:
Discussion and Agreement
Organization:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Novamint
Target Audience:
Engineers and researchers in speech coding
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec (ULBC), GEO channel characteristics
Document Type:
Liaison Statement (LS)
Organization / Institution:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Liangping Ma
Target Audience:
RAN WG1, RAN WG2, RAN WG4, SA WG2, CT WG1, satellite companies
Period of Validity:
July 18-25, 2025
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Modifications:
N/A
Next Meeting Date:
July 21-25, 2025; November 11-17, 2025
Contact Person:
Liangping Ma
Contact Email:
lpma AT qti DOT qualcomm DOT com
Attachments:
S4aA2500691
Description:
Liaison statement detailing assumptions for the simulation of Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec and requests for feedback on simulation parameters and service-related dependencies from various working groups and satellite companies.
Year:
2026
Organizations:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Nokia, Novamint
Document type:
Technical discussion paper
Intended for:
Discussion and Agreement
Agenda item:
7.8
Topic:
UE capability variability and ULBC system design
Target audience:
Technical experts in NB‑IoT and NTN systems
References:
Tdoc S4aA260006, TR 26.940
Key concepts:
UE transmit power classes, antenna configurations, multi-tone transmission, capability-aware scheduling, ULBC bitrate differentiation
Note:
Year
Topic:
Audio Processing, Noise Suppression, Codec Testing
Document Type:
Technical Report
Organization:
ITU-T
Author:
Apple Inc., Lenovo
Target Audience:
Audio engineers, codec developers, telecom professionals
Contextual description:
Technical report on ULBC codec testing in background noise, evaluating performance and challenges of noise suppression algorithms in various environments and conditions.
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Global
Topic:
Audio Codec Evaluation
Document Type:
Technical Report
Organization:
Apple Inc., Lenovo
Author:
Collaborative work of Apple and Lenovo engineers
Target Audience:
Audio codec developers, telecommunication engineers
Test Standards:
EVS codec testing TR 26.952, ITU-T P.800 DCR
Testing Scenarios:
Clean speech, stationary noise, non-stationary noise, NS processed speech
Purpose:
Evaluate robustness of ULBC codec under various noise conditions
Related Documents:
TR 26.940 Clause 9, TR26.989 v19.0.0
Testing Metrics:
SNR levels, subjective speech quality ratings
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Not specified
Subject:
Evaluation of complexity metrics for ULBC
Document type:
Technical report
Organization:
ITU-T
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
Researchers and engineers working on codec complexity
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval date:
Not specified
Date of last changes:
Not specified
Year:
2022
Organization:
Apple Inc.
Document type:
Technical specification
Target system:
IMS voice service over GEO and NGSO
Codec:
ULBC
Reference codecs:
AMR, AMR-WB, EVS AMR-WB-IO, EVS-WB/SWB
Bitrate range:
1–3 kbps
Performance conditions:
Clean speech, noisy speech, packet loss
Agenda item:
7.8
Purpose:
Discussion and agreement on minimum performance requirements
Year:
2026
Location:
Goa, India
Topic:
Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codecs and NB-IoT uplink evaluation
Document type:
Technical contribution / discussion document
Organization:
3GPP TSG SA WG4
Authors:
vivo, Samsung, Spreadtrum, MediaTek Inc.
Target audience:
3GPP working group members and telecom engineers
Agenda item:
7.8
Related specification:
3GPP TR 26.940 v0.4.0
Channel models:
50-degree and 10-degree elevation NTN-TDL-C
Codec bitrate range:
0.4–3 kbps
UE power levels analyzed:
23 dBm, 26 dBm, 31 dBm
Bundling periods considered:
80 ms, 160 ms, 320 ms
Multiplexing methods:
TDM and FDM
Reference systems:
Tiantong GEO NB-IoT system
Year:
2024
Region / Organization:
3GPP, Dolby Laboratories Inc., China Mobile, Qualcomm, Huawei, Xiaomi
Topic:
Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec evaluation and standardization
Document Type:
Technical report / study document
Authors:
T. Muller et al., 3GPP SA4 contributors
Target Audience:
Codec developers, standardization engineers, telecom researchers
Period of Validity:
Ongoing research and standardization as of 2024
Approval Date:
SA#107
References:
TR 26.940 v0.5.1, 3GPP SP-250378, SP-250635, S4-260144, S4-251814
Year:
FY14
Region / City:
Various
Topic:
Healthcare Facility Complexity Levels
Document Type:
Report
Organization / Institution:
Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals, administrators in the VHA
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2020
Region / City:
Florida
Topic:
Field Testing, Field Sampling, Environmental Monitoring
Document Type:
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Organization / Institution:
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Field technicians, environmental scientists, laboratories
Effective Period:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
2020
Year:
2026
Region / City:
N/A
Topic:
Nationalism, Multiculturalism, Political Theory
Document Type:
Academic Article
Author:
Eric Kaufmann
Target Audience:
Scholars and students in political theory, sociology, and nationalism studies
Period of Action:
N/A
Date of Approval:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
AI Codec Complexity, Mobile Devices
Document Type:
Discussion Paper
Organization / Institution:
3GPP TSG-SA WG4
Author:
vivo
Target Audience:
Industry professionals, engineers, researchers
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Year:
2008
Region / City:
Worldwide
Topic:
Print Schema, Printing Features, Software Development
Document Type:
White Paper
Organization / Institution:
Zoran Corporation
Author:
Zoran Corporation
Target Audience:
Application and print driver developers
Validity Period:
Not specified
Approval Date:
October 19, 2008
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2022
Region / City:
e-Meeting
Topic:
UE complexity reduction, NR RedCap
Document type:
Discussion Document
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG1
Author:
Moderator (NTT DOCOMO, INC.)
Target audience:
Companies involved in 3GPP discussions
Period of validity:
May 9th – 20th, 2022
Approval date:
Not specified
Modification date:
Not specified
Year:
2022
Organization:
3GPP
Working Group:
TSG-RAN WG1
Meeting:
RAN WG1 Meeting #109-e
Meeting format:
e-Meeting
Meeting dates:
9–20 May 2022
Agenda item:
9.6.1
Study item:
Rel-18 further NR RedCap UE complexity reduction
Preceding releases:
Rel-17
Document type:
Feature lead summary
Document purpose:
Discussion and decision
Source:
Moderator (Ericsson)
Feature lead:
Ericsson
Scope:
UE complexity and cost reduction for NR RedCap
Methodology reference:
TR 38.875
Baseline comparison:
Rel-17 RedCap UE
Technical areas:
UE bandwidth, RF and baseband cost, memory size, performance and coexistence impacts
Standardization phase:
Study phase
Year:
1990
Region / City:
Moffett Field, CA, USA
Topic:
Systems Design, Complexity Metrics, Space Life Support Systems
Document Type:
Research Paper
Author:
Harry W. Jones
Target Audience:
Engineers, Researchers in Systems Design, Aerospace and Life Support Systems Professionals
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified