№ lp_1_2_25067
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The document presents an analysis of how AI codecs, specifically ULBC, perform on various hardware, highlighting the disparity between theoretical complexity and real-world performance on mobile devices.
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
AI Codec Complexity, Mobile Devices
Document Type:
Discussion Paper
Organization / Institution:
3GPP TSG-SA WG4
Author:
vivo
Target Audience:
Industry professionals, engineers, researchers
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
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Year:
2024
Region / city:
N/A
Topic:
Ultra-low bit rate codec for voice over GEO
Document type:
Study report
Organization / institution:
3GPP
Author:
N/A
Target audience:
Technical experts in voice codecs and GEO satellite communication
Period of validity:
N/A
Approval date:
March 2024
Amendment date:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Fukuoka, Japan
Topic:
Speech Codec Testing
Document Type:
Discussion and Agreement
Organization:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Novamint
Target Audience:
Technical experts in speech codecs
Effective Period:
May 2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
Codec Design, AI, Speech Processing
Document Type:
Discussion Paper
Organization / Institution:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Nokia, Xiaomi Technology, Orange
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
3GPP working groups, codec developers
Period of Validity:
2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Note:
Context description
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Japan, Fukuoka
Topic:
Ultra-low bit rate speech codecs, Test methodologies
Document Type:
Discussion and Agreement
Organization:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Novamint
Target Audience:
Engineers and researchers in speech coding
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Source:
Rapporteur FS_ULBC
Version:
0.12.20
Agenda item:
7.9
Document for:
Agreement
Revision history:
0.1.0–0.2.0 (2025-05-23 to 2025-07-25)
Meetings:
SA4#132, SA4#133-e
Related TR:
3GPP TR 26.940 “Study on Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codecs”
Related specifications:
3GPP TS 26.132; 3GPP TR 38.811; 3GPP TR 38.821; TR 36.321; 3GPP TR 36.763
Study item reference:
SP-250378 “SID on Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec”
Scope:
Ultra-low bit rate speech codec for voice over Geostationary Orbit (GEO) satellites
Working group:
3GPP SA4
Scenario focus:
IMS Voice Call over GEO
Technical aspects:
Bit rates; sample rate and audio bandwidth; frame length; complexity and memory demands; algorithmic delay; packet loss concealment; discontinuous transmission; speech quality; robustness to non-speech input
Channel assumptions:
Limited data rate (1–3 kbit/s); GEO satellite access; increased uplink and downlink delay; transmission errors
Coordination:
SA2, RAN, CT1 and other 3GPP groups
Document type:
Permanent document (p-doc) supporting a Technical Report
Version:
0.45.0
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Global
Theme:
Ultra-Low Bitrate Communication for Voice over GEO Satellites
Document Type:
Technical Report
Organization / Institution:
3GPP
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
3GPP Working Groups, Telecom Engineers
Effective Period:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
2025-05-23
Date of Changes:
2026-02-xx03
Context:
A technical document outlining the study and development of ultra-low bitrate speech codecs for voice communication via geostationary satellites, including performance requirements, test methodologies, and application scenarios.
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Global / 3GPP Members
Subject:
Telecommunications; NB-IoT; IMS Voice; GEO Satellite
Document Type:
Technical contribution / Agreement
Organization:
3GPP, vivo Mobile Communication Co.
Authors:
Contributors from vivo, China Mobile, MediaTek, ZTE, Verizon, Ericsson, CATT, Nokia, Skylo, Thales, China Telecom, Spreadtrum, Xiaomi, OPPO, China Unicom, LG Electronics, Apple, Samsung, NTT DOCOMO, CSCN, SHARP
Target Audience:
3GPP Working Groups RAN1, RAN2, SA2, SA4
Period of Effect:
2025 – until next update
Approval Date:
August 2025
References:
3GPP TR 23.700-19, TS 26.132, TR 36.321, TR 36.763, TR 38.811, TR 38.821, FS_ULBC Tdocs
Year:
2026
Location:
Goa, India
Topic:
Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec Feasibility Study
Document Type:
Meeting Report / Study Plan
Organization:
3GPP TSG-SA WG4
Source:
China Mobile
Version:
0.65
Agenda Item:
16.27.8
Purpose:
Discussion and Agreement
Scope:
IMS Voice Call over GEO, Multi-Party Voice Communication, Vehicle Emergency Call Communication
Performance Metrics:
Speech quality, intelligibility, conversational quality, complexity, memory demands, algorithmic delay, PLC, noise suppression, DTX
Related Documents:
TR 22.887, Annex A Living Document, TR sections 4–9
Coordination:
SA2, RAN, CT1, other relevant 3GPP working groups
Timeline:
March 2025 – February 2026
Meetings:
SA4#131-bis-e, SA4#132, SA4#135, SA4#136, Audio SWG telco, TSG SA#107
Testing:
Subjective and objective methodologies, codec evaluation under clean and noisy conditions, GEO channel simulations
Year:
2025–2026
Region / City:
Global / 3GPP Collaboration
Subject:
Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec (ULBC) for GEO Satellite Voice Services
Document Type:
Technical Report / Working Document
Organization:
3GPP SA4 Working Group
Author:
FS_ULBC Rapporteur Team
Target Audience:
Telecom engineers, standardization participants
Revision History:
Detailed per version from 0.1.0 to 0.6.0 including clause updates, simulation models, and design considerations
Applicable Standards:
3GPP TR 26.940, TS 26.132, TR 38.811, TR 38.821, TS 23.700-19
Scope:
ULBC design constraints, simulation methodologies, performance requirements, interoperability with IMS voice over GEO NTN
Methodology:
Clause-based updates, simulation results, reference codecs analysis, complexity and memory evaluation, design constraints validation
Related Contributions:
SP-250378, Tdoc S4-251390, S4aA250058, S4aA250259, S4aA250069, S2-2509293
Implementation Period:
Drafting and updates between May 2025 and February 2026
Additional Notes:
Excludes NB-IoT impacts; coordinates with multiple 3GPP groups
Year:
2026
Region / city:
Goa, India
Topic:
Feasible bitrates, NTN-TDL-C channel model
Document type:
Technical paper
Organization:
Qualcomm Incorporated, Xiaomi
Author:
Qualcomm Incorporated
Target audience:
SA4 working group members, 3GPP participants
Effective period:
February 9-13, 2026
Approval date:
Not provided
Date of changes:
Not provided
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Fukuoka, Japan
Topic:
Speech Codec Testing
Document Type:
Discussion and Agreement
Organization:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Novamint
Target Audience:
Technical experts in speech codecs
Effective Period:
May 2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
Codec Design, AI, Speech Processing
Document Type:
Discussion Paper
Organization / Institution:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Nokia, Xiaomi Technology, Orange
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
3GPP working groups, codec developers
Period of Validity:
2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Note:
Context description
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Japan, Fukuoka
Topic:
Ultra-low bit rate speech codecs, Test methodologies
Document Type:
Discussion and Agreement
Organization:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Novamint
Target Audience:
Engineers and researchers in speech coding
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Online
Topic:
Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec (ULBC), GEO channel characteristics
Document Type:
Liaison Statement (LS)
Organization / Institution:
3GPP SA4
Author:
Liangping Ma
Target Audience:
RAN WG1, RAN WG2, RAN WG4, SA WG2, CT WG1, satellite companies
Period of Validity:
July 18-25, 2025
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Modifications:
N/A
Next Meeting Date:
July 21-25, 2025; November 11-17, 2025
Contact Person:
Liangping Ma
Contact Email:
lpma AT qti DOT qualcomm DOT com
Attachments:
S4aA2500691
Description:
Liaison statement detailing assumptions for the simulation of Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codec and requests for feedback on simulation parameters and service-related dependencies from various working groups and satellite companies.
Year:
2026
Organizations:
Dolby Laboratories Inc., Nokia, Novamint
Document type:
Technical discussion paper
Intended for:
Discussion and Agreement
Agenda item:
7.8
Topic:
UE capability variability and ULBC system design
Target audience:
Technical experts in NB‑IoT and NTN systems
References:
Tdoc S4aA260006, TR 26.940
Key concepts:
UE transmit power classes, antenna configurations, multi-tone transmission, capability-aware scheduling, ULBC bitrate differentiation
Note:
Year
Topic:
Audio Processing, Noise Suppression, Codec Testing
Document Type:
Technical Report
Organization:
ITU-T
Author:
Apple Inc., Lenovo
Target Audience:
Audio engineers, codec developers, telecom professionals
Contextual description:
Technical report on ULBC codec testing in background noise, evaluating performance and challenges of noise suppression algorithms in various environments and conditions.
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Global
Topic:
Audio Codec Evaluation
Document Type:
Technical Report
Organization:
Apple Inc., Lenovo
Author:
Collaborative work of Apple and Lenovo engineers
Target Audience:
Audio codec developers, telecommunication engineers
Test Standards:
EVS codec testing TR 26.952, ITU-T P.800 DCR
Testing Scenarios:
Clean speech, stationary noise, non-stationary noise, NS processed speech
Purpose:
Evaluate robustness of ULBC codec under various noise conditions
Related Documents:
TR 26.940 Clause 9, TR26.989 v19.0.0
Testing Metrics:
SNR levels, subjective speech quality ratings
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Not specified
Subject:
Evaluation of complexity metrics for ULBC
Document type:
Technical report
Organization:
ITU-T
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
Researchers and engineers working on codec complexity
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval date:
Not specified
Date of last changes:
Not specified
Year:
2022
Organization:
Apple Inc.
Document type:
Technical specification
Target system:
IMS voice service over GEO and NGSO
Codec:
ULBC
Reference codecs:
AMR, AMR-WB, EVS AMR-WB-IO, EVS-WB/SWB
Bitrate range:
1–3 kbps
Performance conditions:
Clean speech, noisy speech, packet loss
Agenda item:
7.8
Purpose:
Discussion and agreement on minimum performance requirements
Year:
2026
Location:
Goa, India
Topic:
Ultra Low Bitrate Speech Codecs and NB-IoT uplink evaluation
Document type:
Technical contribution / discussion document
Organization:
3GPP TSG SA WG4
Authors:
vivo, Samsung, Spreadtrum, MediaTek Inc.
Target audience:
3GPP working group members and telecom engineers
Agenda item:
7.8
Related specification:
3GPP TR 26.940 v0.4.0
Channel models:
50-degree and 10-degree elevation NTN-TDL-C
Codec bitrate range:
0.4–3 kbps
UE power levels analyzed:
23 dBm, 26 dBm, 31 dBm
Bundling periods considered:
80 ms, 160 ms, 320 ms
Multiplexing methods:
TDM and FDM
Reference systems:
Tiantong GEO NB-IoT system