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Scientific review article summarizing the epidemiology, clinical features, hypothesized causes, and research evidence concerning Kashin-Beck disease with emphasis on its multifactorial etiology and geographic distribution.
Disease:
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD)
Type of condition:
Chronic endemic osteochondropathy
Geographic distribution:
Northeastern to southwestern China (15 provinces), Tibet, Southeast Siberia, North Korea
Highest incidence region:
Tibet, China
Affected population:
Children aged 5–15
Estimated number of affected individuals:
Over one million
Main symptoms:
Joint pain, morning stiffness, disturbed flexion and extension of elbows, enlarged interphalangeal joints, limited joint motion
Suspected etiological factors:
Selenium deficiency, iodine deficiency, mycotoxin-contaminated grain, water pollution with organic material and humic acid
Nature of evidence:
Observational studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, animal models, laboratory and pathology studies
Research gaps:
Lack of conclusive randomized placebo-controlled trials demonstrating definitive causation
Scientific focus:
Multifactorial etiology and need for randomized intervention studies
References cited:
Scientific articles published between 1992 and 2021 in peer-reviewed journals
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Disease:
Marek’s disease
Affected species:
Chickens and other gallinaceous birds
Causative agent:
Marek’s disease virus (MDV)
Note:
Virus family
Virus genus:
Mardivirus
Serotypes:
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2, Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3, Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1
Transmission:
Inhalation of contaminated dust from poultry houses
Clinical forms:
Neurological, acute lymphoproliferative, non-neoplastic brain disease
Main clinical signs:
Paralysis of legs and wings, peripheral nerve enlargement, visceral tumors
Diagnostic methods:
Clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, virus isolation, PCR, antigen detection, serology
Differential diagnosis:
Avian leukosis, reticuloendotheliosis
Prevention method:
Vaccination
Vaccine types:
Live attenuated and avirulent strains, monovalent, bivalent, and trivalent vaccines
Vaccination timing:
In ovo at 17–19 days of incubation or at hatch
Persistent infection:
Yes
Source type:
Scientific veterinary reference chapter
Year:
1986
Region / Country:
Philippines
Subject:
Plant pathology, Rice diseases
Document type:
Research article
Institution:
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Authors:
H. Hibino, G. B. Jonson, F. C. Santa Cruz
Target audience:
Plant pathologists, agronomists
Pathogen studied:
Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO)
Methodology:
Insect transmission experiments, electron microscopy
Incubation period in plants:
10-28 days
Insect vector:
Recilia dorsalis nymphs
Transmission rate:
13% average per insect
Symptom description:
Orange leaf, ragged and twisted young leaves, plant death in 3-4 weeks
Retention period in insects:
18-43 days
Source:
International Rice Research Newsletter 11(3):15-16
Year:
2023
Theme:
Bacterial Etiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, Urinary Tract Infections
Document type:
Research article
Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
Healthcare professionals, researchers, policy makers
Period of validity:
N/A
Approval date:
Not specified
Date of changes:
Not specified
Year:
2026
Region / City:
Not specified
Subject:
Oncology, Pulmonology
Document Type:
Medical Overview
Institution / Organization:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Medical professionals
Affected Structures:
Brachial plexus, intercostal nerves, sympathetic chain, ribs, vertebrae
Diagnosis:
Imaging and investigations similar to bronchogenic carcinoma
Treatment:
Surgical resection, radiotherapy
Epidemiology:
Less than 5% of all bronchial carcinomas
Histology:
Usually non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Year:
2012
Region / city:
United Kingdom
Topic:
Tattooing, Body Art, Health Risks, Epidemiology, Guidelines
Document type:
Literature Review
Organization / institution:
Health Protection Agency, Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, Tattoo and Piercing Industry Union
Author:
Dr. Victor Aiyedun
Target audience:
Health professionals, regulators, practitioners
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval date:
Not specified
Date of last modification:
Not specified
Year:
2023-2024
Region / City:
Las Vegas
Subject:
Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics
Document Type:
Academic Catalog
Institution:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Author:
UNLV Graduate College
Target Audience:
Graduate Students, Public Health PhD Applicants
Duration:
2023-2024
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Context:
This document is an academic catalog outlining the required courses and structure for the Doctor of Philosophy program in Public Health with a focus on Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Year:
2016
Region / city:
Switzerland
Topic:
Nutritional Epidemiology
Document type:
Research article
Institution:
Plos Medicine
Author:
Lachat C et al.
Target audience:
Researchers, public health professionals, epidemiologists
Period of validity:
Not applicable
Date of approval:
2016
Date of changes:
Not applicable
Year:
2023-2024
Region / City:
Las Vegas, NV
Subject:
Dual Degree Program, Biostatistics, Epidemiology
Document Type:
Academic Catalog
Institution:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Author:
Graduate College
Target Audience:
Students of the Master of Public Health and Doctor of Medicine programs
Effective Period:
2023-2024 academic year
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2025-2026
Note:
Region / City
Topic:
Public Health, Biostatistics, Epidemiology
Document Type:
Catalog
Institution:
UNLV Graduate College
Target Audience:
Graduate students in Public Health
Period of validity:
2025-2026 academic year
Year:
2022-2023
Region / City:
Las Vegas, NV
Topic:
Public Health, Biostatistics, Epidemiology
Document Type:
Curriculum Guide
Institution:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Author:
UNLV Graduate College
Target Audience:
Graduate students in Public Health
Period of validity:
2022-2023 academic year
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2016
Region / city:
NA
Topic:
Nutritional Epidemiology
Document type:
Article
Organ / institution:
PLOS Medicine
Author:
Lachat C et al.
Target audience:
Researchers in epidemiology and nutrition
Period of validity:
NA
Approval date:
NA
Date of changes:
NA
Year:
2025-2026
Region / city:
Cabo Verde
Topic:
Antimicrobial drug resistance, Helicobacter pylori
Document Type:
Research Project
Institution:
University of Leicester
Author:
Dr Sandra Beleza, Dr Katrin Schilcher
Target Audience:
Researchers, Public health professionals, Genomics and Microbiology specialists
Period of Activity:
2025-2026
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Note:
Context
Year:
2022
Region / city:
Colombo
Subject:
Vaccine stock management system, Procurement
Document type:
Request for Expression of Interest
Organization / institution:
World Health Organization (WHO)
Author:
WHO
Target audience:
Vendors
Validity period:
14 December 2022
Approval date:
28 November 2022
Amendment date:
N/A
Year:
2010-2024
Region / city:
Asia-Pacific
Subject:
Hepatology
Document Type:
Clinical Practice Guidelines
Organization / Institution:
Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL)
Author:
APASL
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals
Period of validity:
2010-2024
Date of approval:
2010
Date of revisions:
2024
Context:
Collection of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements issued by the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver on various hepatological conditions, including hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B and C, liver transplantation, and metabolic diseases.
Year:
2014
Region / City:
Kent County
Topic:
Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control
Document Type:
Annex
Organization:
Kent County Health Department (KCHD)
Author:
Kent County Health Department (KCHD)
Target Audience:
Local health departments, healthcare providers, public health professionals
Period of Validity:
Ongoing, based on infectious disease outbreaks
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2021
Region / city:
Not specified
Topic:
Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases
Document Type:
Research Supplementary Data
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
Researchers, healthcare professionals, epidemiologists
Period of validity:
Not applicable
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of changes:
Not specified
Note:
Year
Subject:
Public Health, Epidemiology
Document Type:
Course Curriculum
Target Audience:
Students enrolled in MPH in Epidemiology
Context:
Course curriculum for Master of Public Health with a focus on Epidemiology, detailing required courses, electives, and practicum components.
Year:
2016
Authors:
Lachat C et al.
Journal:
PLoS Medicine
Volume and Issue:
13(6)
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002036
Type of document:
Reporting guideline checklist
Field:
Nutritional epidemiology
Related guideline:
STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology)
Scope:
Observational studies in nutritional epidemiology
Sections covered:
Title and abstract; Introduction; Methods; Results; Discussion; Other information
Items included:
STROBE items with STROBE-nut extensions (nut-1 to nut-22.2)
Ethics:
Procedure for consent and ethics committee approval addressed (nut-22.1)
Supplementary material:
Data collection tools and data access addressed (nut-22.2)
Year:
2020
Region:
Guangdong Province, China
Topic:
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2
Document type:
Supplementary information to a scientific research article
Associated article:
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong Province, China
Authors:
Jing Lu; Louis du Plessis; Zhe Liu; Verity Hill; Min Kang; Huifang Lin; Jiufeng Sun; Sarah François; Moritz U G Kraemer; Nuno R Faria; John T McCrone; Jingju Peng; Qianlin Xiong; Runyu Yuan; Lilian Zeng; Pingping Zhou; Chuming Liang; Lina Yi; Jun Liu; Jianpeng Xiao; Jianxiong Hu; Tao Liu; Wenjun Ma; Wei Li; Juan Su; Huanying Zheng; Bo Peng; Shisong Fang; Wenzhe Su; Kuibiao Li; Ruilin Sun; Ru Bai; Xi Tang; Minfeng Liang; Josh Quick; Tie Song; Andrew Rambaut; Nick Loman; Jayna Raghwani; Oliver G Pybus; Changwen Ke
Affiliated institutions:
Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; University of Oxford; University of Edinburgh; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provincial Second People’s Hospital; Foshan First People’s Hospital; University of Birmingham
Data coverage period:
Up to 19 March 2020
Number of reported genomes:
53 newly reported SARS-CoV-2 genomes
Total cases referenced:
1388 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases
Figures:
S1–S4
Tables:
S1–S2
Data sources:
RT-PCR testing; whole-genome sequencing; GISAID database
Geographic scope of comparative data:
Guangdong; Hubei; USA (California, Wisconsin); Japan; Singapore; Jiangsu; Fujian; India; Vietnam