№ files_lp_3_process_9_09853
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The paper examines various theories of punishment and alternative methods of punishment, discussing their impact on crime prevention, victim satisfaction, and the criminal justice system, with a specific focus on India.
Year:
2021
Region / City:
India
Topic:
Criminal Justice, Punishment Theories
Document Type:
Research Paper
Organization / Institution:
ILS Law College
Author:
Kashish Singhal
Target Audience:
Legal scholars, law students, policymakers
Period of Application:
Contemporary
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Modifications:
Not specified
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The product description is provided for reference. Actual content and formatting may differ slightly.
Year:
2026
Region / City:
South Carolina
Theme:
Legal / Criminal Law
Document Type:
Legislative Bill
Organization / Institution:
South Carolina General Assembly
Author:
Reps. Landing, Bustos, Teeple, Hartnett
Target Audience:
General public, legal professionals
Effective Period:
From the date of approval by the Governor
Approval Date:
Pending
Amendment Date:
N/A
Year:
2020
Region / City:
International
Topic:
Torture, Human Rights, Psychological Torture
Document Type:
Report
Body/Organization:
Human Rights Council
Author:
Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Target Audience:
International policymakers, human rights organizations
Period of validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
20 March 2020
Date of changes:
N/A
Document symbol:
A/HRC/58/55
Version:
Advance edited version
Distribution:
General
Date:
6 February 2025
Original language:
English
Organ:
United Nations Human Rights Council
Session:
Fifty-eighth session (24 February–4 April 2025)
Agenda item:
3 – Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development
Type of document:
Report
Mandate:
Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
Author:
Alice Jill Edwards
Reporting period (activities section):
15 December 2023 – 31 December 2024
Subject:
Hostage-taking as torture under international law
Related legal instrument:
International Convention on the Taking of Hostages
Addressees:
States, non-State actors, United Nations entities and bodies
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Onslow & Carteret Counties
Topic:
Behavior Support, Special Education
Document Type:
Worksheet
Organization / Institution:
Down Syndrome Network of Onslow & Carteret Counties (DSNOCC)
Audience:
Educators, Therapists, Families
Period of Application:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Jurisdiction:
State of Arizona
Law Code:
Arizona Revised Statutes
Section Number:
13-1406
Title of Section:
Sexual assault; classification; increased punishment
Subject:
Criminal law
Offense Classification:
Class 2 felony
Penalties:
Imprisonment with mandatory minimum, presumptive, and maximum terms; potential life imprisonment
Aggravating Factors:
Victim under fifteen years of age; administration of flunitrazepam, gamma hydroxy butyrate or ketamine hydrochloride; serious physical injury; prior felony convictions
Sentencing Structure:
Determinate prison terms with enhanced ranges for prior convictions and specific circumstances
Consecutive Sentencing Requirement:
Mandatory consecutive sentences for multiple sexual assault convictions
Statutory References:
Sections 13-701, 13-703, 13-704, 13-705, 13-706, 13-708, 31-233
Year:
2012
Region / City:
Not specified
Subject:
Criminal Justice, Capital Punishment
Document Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Jun Hyung Lee
Target Audience:
Not specified
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Modifications:
Not specified
Year:
2012
Region / City:
United Kingdom
Subject:
Legal Aid
Document Type:
Official Regulations
Institution:
Legal Aid Agency
Author:
Lord Chancellor, Director of Legal Aid Casework
Target Audience:
Providers, Mediators, Legal Aid Professionals
Period of Validity:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
2012
Amendment Date:
N/A
Year:
1868
Location:
St Helena Island, Australia
Type of Document:
Historical record
Institution:
St Helena Penal Establishment
Author:
St Helena Island Community
Subject:
Prison discipline and punishments
Target Audience:
General public interested in historical penal practices
Duration of Punishment:
14 days
Date of Incident:
August 17, 1868
Method of Punishment:
Shot drill involving carrying an 11 kg cannonball
Year:
2026
Region / City:
Not specified
Topic:
Philosophy of Law, Ethics
Document Type:
Academic Article
Institution / Organization:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Scholars and students of philosophy
Period Covered:
Contemporary analysis of Hegel’s texts
Primary Sources Referenced:
Hegel, Philosophy of Right; Kant, Metaphysical Principles of Justice
Secondary Sources Referenced:
Tonry 2011; Bedau and Kelly 2017; Murphy 1987; Hill 1997; Duff and Hoskins 2017; Brooks 2012
Key Concepts:
Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, Abstract Right, Ethical Life, Sittlichkeit, civil society, state
Subject:
Criminology and Criminal Justice
Document Type:
Educational course outline and study notes
Academic Unit:
Criminology, Probation and Parole
Main Topics:
Concept of crime, theories of punishment, organized crime, probation, parole
Subtopics:
Crime causation, schools of criminology, capital punishment, criminal courts, parole system in India, probation conditions
Legal References:
Probation of Offenders Act 1958, Child Marriage Restraint Act 1978, Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955, Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954, Drugs Act 1940, Consumer Protection Act 1986
Geographical Context:
India
Relevant Legal Areas:
Criminal law, penal law, sentencing, parole administration
Key Concepts:
Organized predatory crime, crime syndicate, criminal rackets, political graft, theories of punishment
Educational Level:
Law or criminology course material
Structure:
Unit-based academic syllabus with explanatory notes
Units Included:
Criminology, Nature of Punishment, Organised Crime, Probation, Parole
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Munich, Germany
Topic:
Psychology, Social Psychology
Document Type:
Research Article
Organization / Institution:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Author:
Theresa Blanke, Mathias Twardawski
Target Audience:
Researchers, Academics in Psychology
Period of Effectiveness:
Not specified
Date of Approval:
06/09/2024
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
1897
Region / City:
England
Topic:
Crime and Punishment
Document Type:
Literary Non-Fiction
Organization / Institution:
The Daily Chronicle
Author:
Oscar Wilde, Dermot Purgavie
Target Audience:
General public, readers of The Daily Chronicle
Effective Period:
N/A
Approval Date:
1897
Revision Date:
N/A
Year:
2018
Country:
Denmark
Document type:
Report questionnaire
Treaty:
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Issuing body:
Committee against Torture
Language:
English
Scope:
Implementation of articles 1–16 of the Convention
Topics covered:
Incorporation of the Convention into domestic law, protection of asylum seekers, treatment of detainees, prevention of torture, gender-based violence, human trafficking, deportation procedures
Target audience:
State authorities responsible for human rights compliance
Reference:
CAT/C/DNK/QPR/8
Year:
2024
Country:
Myanmar
Subject:
Corporal punishment of children and legal prohibition
Document type:
Legal and policy analysis report
Organization:
End Corporal Punishment
Child population:
16,920,000 (UNICEF, 2020)
Legal framework referenced:
Penal Code 1861; Child Rights Law 2019; Child Law 1993; Criminal Procedure Code; Prisons Act; Citizenship Act; Rules of the Child Law 2001; Basic Education Law 2019
Settings examined:
Home; alternative care settings; day care; schools; penal institutions; judicial sentencing
Key legal provision discussed:
Article 89 of the Penal Code 1861
Related national policy:
National Plan of Action for Children 2006–2015
International context:
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Update date:
December 2024
Geographical scope:
National
Year:
2026
Subject:
Psychology / Behavioral Science
Document Type:
Educational Answer Key
Author:
Unspecified
Target Audience:
Students studying operant conditioning
Content Focus:
Reinforcement types, punishment, and partial reinforcement schedules
Context:
Classroom exercises for understanding behavioral consequences
Year:
2026
Region / City:
Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
Subject:
Environmental Regulation, Water Quality, Nitrogen Pollution
Document Type:
Municipal Health Regulation
Authority / Agency:
Falmouth Board of Health, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
Target Audience:
Property owners, builders, developers
Legal Reference:
M.G.L. c. 111 § 31; 310 CMR 15.003(3); 314 CMR 21.00; Massachusetts Clean Waters Act M.G.L. c. 21 §§ 26-53; 314 CMR 4.00
Scope:
Nitrogen Regulated Areas including public/private water supply protection and nitrogen-impaired watersheds
Effective Measures:
Requirement for Best Available Nitrogen Reducing Technology in new construction
Exemptions:
Future sewer service areas under approved town funding
Note:
Year
Subject:
Surety Bond Rider
Document Type:
Bond Rider
Organization / Institution:
American Alternative Insurance Corporation
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Not specified
Theme:
Healthcare, Drug Coverage
Document Type:
Informational Flyer
Organization / Institution:
Wellcare
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Healthcare providers, insurance plan members
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
07/24/2024
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
n.d.
Region / city:
n.d.
Topic:
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Document type:
Article
Author:
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)
Target audience:
Educators, Speech Language Pathologists, Assistive Technology specialists
Period of validity:
n.d.
Approval date:
n.d.
Modification date:
n.d.
Note:
Contextual description
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Egypt
Theme:
Human rights, Death penalty
Document Type:
Joint Submission
Organization / Institution:
Reprieve, The Advocates for Human Rights
Author:
Reprieve, The Advocates for Human Rights
Target Audience:
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
July 2023
Date of Changes:
N/A