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Analysis of U.S. defamation law focusing on liability standards for public officials, public figures, and private individuals with an emphasis on Supreme Court rulings and subsequent interpretations by Colorado courts.
Year:
1964–1985
Jurisdiction:
United States, primarily New York and Colorado
Subject:
Defamation law, Libel, Slander, First Amendment
Document Type:
Legal commentary / Case law summary
Court Cases Referenced:
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, St. Amant v. Thompson, Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., Walker v. Colorado Springs Sun, Inc., Diversified Management, Inc. v. Denver Post, Inc., Rowe v. Metz, Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.
Legal Concepts:
Actual malice, reckless disregard, public official, public figure, private individual, clear and convincing evidence, constitutional privilege
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, scholars, law students
Period Covered:
1964–1985
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Jurisdiction:
United States
State:
Colorado
Legal field:
Defamation law
Subject:
Libel and slander
Document type:
Legal doctrine and jury instruction commentary
Related constitutional provisions:
First Amendment; Fourteenth Amendment
Key court decisions cited:
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964); St. Amant v. Thompson (1968); Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts (1967); Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. (1974)
Courts referenced:
Supreme Court of the United States; Colorado Supreme Court; Colorado Court of Appeals
Legal concepts addressed:
actual malice; reckless disregard; public official; public figure; private plaintiff; privilege defenses; damages in defamation cases
Procedural concepts:
clear and convincing evidence; independent review; de novo review
Purpose:
explanation of liability standards and defenses in defamation cases under constitutional and Colorado law
Year:
1964
Region / City:
United States
Subject:
Defamation Law
Document Type:
Legal Chapter
Author:
Supreme Court of the United States
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, law students
Period of Action:
Ongoing application
Approval Date:
1964
Date of Modifications:
Various (through 1985)
Year:
1964
Region / City:
United States
Topic:
Law
Document Type:
Legal Text
Organization / Institution:
United States Supreme Court
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, law students, and the general public interested in defamation law
Period of validity:
Ongoing
Date of approval:
1964
Date of amendments:
Not specified
Year:
2025
Edition:
TMUC Edition, Version 2.1
Author:
Eric E. Johnson
Original Publication:
CALI eLangdell Press, First Edition 2016
Type of Document:
Casebooklet
Subject:
Trade Libel, Defamation, Product Disparagement, Torts Law
License:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Intended Audience:
Law students, legal educators, and researchers
Revision History:
Version 2.0 (2019), First Edition (2016)
Publisher:
Eric E. Johnson (self-published for this edition)
Content Source:
Adapted from Torts: Cases & Context, Volume Two, Pylon Edition, Version 2.10
Jurisdiction:
United States
State:
Colorado
Legal field:
Defamation law
Subject:
Libel and slander
Document type:
Legal doctrine and jury instruction commentary
Related constitutional provisions:
First Amendment; Fourteenth Amendment
Key court decisions cited:
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964); St. Amant v. Thompson (1968); Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts (1967); Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. (1974)
Courts referenced:
Supreme Court of the United States; Colorado Supreme Court; Colorado Court of Appeals
Legal concepts addressed:
actual malice; reckless disregard; public official; public figure; private plaintiff; privilege defenses; damages in defamation cases
Procedural concepts:
clear and convincing evidence; independent review; de novo review
Purpose:
explanation of liability standards and defenses in defamation cases under constitutional and Colorado law
Year:
1964
Region / City:
United States
Subject:
Defamation Law
Document Type:
Legal Chapter
Author:
Supreme Court of the United States
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, law students
Period of Action:
Ongoing application
Approval Date:
1964
Date of Modifications:
Various (through 1985)
Year:
1964
Region / City:
United States
Topic:
Law
Document Type:
Legal Text
Organization / Institution:
United States Supreme Court
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, law students, and the general public interested in defamation law
Period of validity:
Ongoing
Date of approval:
1964
Date of amendments:
Not specified
Note:
Year
Region / city:
New Delhi
Theme:
Defamation, Legal Notice
Document type:
Legal Notice
Year:
2022
Region / City:
Big Pine Key, FL
Topic:
Legal Action, Defamation
Document Type:
Legal Notice
Author:
Christopher Ambrose
Target Audience:
Legal Professionals, Public Figures, Internet Users
Period of Action:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
April 14, 2022
Date of Changes:
N/A
Year:
2017
Region / City:
Melbourne
Subject:
Defamation
Document Type:
Court Judgment
Court / Institution:
County Court of Victoria
Author:
Judge Smith
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, public
Effective Period:
From 4 January 2017
Approval Date:
22 December 2017
Modification Date:
Revised judgment on 22 December 2017
Year:
2025
Edition:
TMUC Edition, Version 2.1
Author:
Eric E. Johnson
Original Publication:
CALI eLangdell Press, First Edition 2016
Type of Document:
Casebooklet
Subject:
Trade Libel, Defamation, Product Disparagement, Torts Law
License:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Intended Audience:
Law students, legal educators, and researchers
Revision History:
Version 2.0 (2019), First Edition (2016)
Publisher:
Eric E. Johnson (self-published for this edition)
Content Source:
Adapted from Torts: Cases & Context, Volume Two, Pylon Edition, Version 2.10
Appolus Incorporated v Mutumba: High Court of Namibia Judgment on Defamation and Debt Recovery, 2025
Year:
2025
Country:
Namibia
Court Division:
Main Division, High Court of Namibia
Case Number:
HC-MD-CIV-ACT-DEL-2023/03158
Plaintiffs:
Thomas Appolus Incorporated, Thomas Gert Appolus
Defendant:
Terrance Kilautsi Mutaba
Type of Document:
Court Judgment
Legal Area:
Defamation, Debt Recovery, Legal Services
Hearing Date:
21 January 2025
Delivery Date:
2 April 2025
Judge:
Honourable ADJP Ndauendapo
Neutral Citation:
[2025] NAHCMD 145
Relief Ordered:
Dismissal of first plaintiff’s claim, second plaintiff awarded N$40 000 with 20% interest and costs
Document Source:
High Court of Namibia, eJustice Portal
Year:
2024
Region / City:
Victoria, Australia
Topic:
Legislative Amendments
Document Type:
Bill
Author:
Evan Mulholland
Target Audience:
Legislators, Government Officials
Period of Effect:
2024
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Amendments:
2024
Year:
1994
Region:
International / Internet
Subject:
Internet law, privacy, defamation
Document type:
Case study / educational material
Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
Law students, legal professionals
Legal references:
Le Roux v Dey (Freedom of Expression Institute and Another as amici curiae) 2011 3 SA 274 (CC), Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002
Key topics:
Defamation, privacy, Internet service providers, liability
Jurisdiction:
United States
State:
Colorado
Legal field:
Defamation law
Subject:
Libel and slander
Document type:
Legal doctrine and jury instruction commentary
Related constitutional provisions:
First Amendment; Fourteenth Amendment
Key court decisions cited:
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964); St. Amant v. Thompson (1968); Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts (1967); Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. (1974)
Courts referenced:
Supreme Court of the United States; Colorado Supreme Court; Colorado Court of Appeals
Legal concepts addressed:
actual malice; reckless disregard; public official; public figure; private plaintiff; privilege defenses; damages in defamation cases
Procedural concepts:
clear and convincing evidence; independent review; de novo review
Purpose:
explanation of liability standards and defenses in defamation cases under constitutional and Colorado law
Year:
1964
Region / City:
United States
Subject:
Defamation Law
Document Type:
Legal Chapter
Author:
Supreme Court of the United States
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, law students
Period of Action:
Ongoing application
Approval Date:
1964
Date of Modifications:
Various (through 1985)
Year:
1964
Region / City:
United States
Topic:
Law
Document Type:
Legal Text
Organization / Institution:
United States Supreme Court
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Legal professionals, law students, and the general public interested in defamation law
Period of validity:
Ongoing
Date of approval:
1964
Date of amendments:
Not specified