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Peer-reviewed review article analyzing current immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination regimens, and emerging strategies such as CAR-T cell therapy and tumor vaccines for advanced or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in the context of contemporary clinical research and practice.
Journal:
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Manuscript Number:
80135
Manuscript Type:
Review
Authors:
Ying-Zhe Luo; Hong Zhu
Author Affiliations:
Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
Corresponding Author:
Hong Zhu
Funding:
The Key Research Projects of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (No. 2022YFS0189)
Received:
September 18, 2022
Revised:
February 11, 2023
Accepted:
February 27, 2023
Published Online:
March 15, 2023
Volume and Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 3
Pages:
405-424
DOI:
10.4251/wjgo.v15.i3.405
Publisher:
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Keywords:
Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma; Immunotherapy; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cell; Oncolytic virus; Tumor vaccine
Subject Area:
Oncology; Hepatology; Cancer Immunotherapy
Geographic Context:
Global epidemiology with reference to East and South-East Asia, United States, and Europe
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Year:
2023
Region / City:
Europe
Topic:
Allergen immunotherapy, allergic asthma, house dust mites
Document Type:
Clinical guideline
Organization / Institution:
European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
Authors:
I Agache, S Lau, CA Akdis, S Smolinska, M Bonini, O Cavkaytar, B Flood, P Gajdanowicz, K Izuhara, Ö Kalayci, R Mosges, O Palomares, N Papadopoulos, M Sokolowska, E Angier, M Fernandez-Rivas, G Pajno, O Pfaar, G Roberts, D Ryan, G Sturm, R van Ree, EM Varga, R Gerth van Wijk, JJ Yepes – Nuñez, M Jutel
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals (doctors, researchers, allergy specialists)
Date Approved:
2023
Date of Revisions:
N/A
Year:
Not specified
Region / City:
Not specified
Topic:
Allergen immunotherapy billing and insurance coverage
Document Type:
Template
Organization / Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Healthcare providers, insurance companies
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of changes:
Not specified
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Wuhan, China
Topic:
Immunology, Cancer Research, Gene Expression, Immunotherapy
Document Type:
Research Article
Institution:
Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University
Authors:
Fei-Fei Hu, Chun-Jie Liu, Lan-Lan Liu, Qiong Zhang, An-Yuan Guo
Target Audience:
Researchers, Healthcare Professionals, Academics in Immunology and Oncology
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Last Revision:
N/A
Organization:
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer
Document Type:
Bibliography
Subject:
Cancer Immunotherapy
Focus:
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Publication Date:
December 17, 2018
Date Range of Literature Search:
December 1, 2013 – December 17, 2018
Search Limits:
Humans, Clinical Trial, Meta-Analysis, Practice Guideline, Randomized Controlled Trial, Review
Therapeutic Agents Covered:
Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Cemiplimab, Durvalumab
Biomarkers and Targets:
PD-1, PD-L1, HPV
Total References Identified:
199
Total Duplicates Removed:
42
Total Records in Bibliography:
157
Topics Included:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, biomarkers, combination immunotherapy, adverse events, toxicity, vaccine, adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy, rare head and neck cancers
Year:
2026
Region / City:
International / Multiple research institutions
Subject:
Cancer immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment
Document type:
Supplementary scientific data
Institution:
University of Southampton, Genkyotex SA, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, University of Toronto, University of Kent
Authors:
Kirsty Ford, Christopher J. Hanley, Massimiliano Mellone, Cedric Szyndralewiez, Freddy Heitz, Philippe Wiesel, Oliver Wood, Maria Machado, Monette Lopez, Anusha-Preethi Ganesan, Chuan Wang, Ankur Chakravarthy, Tim Fenton, Emma V. King, Pandurangan Vijayanand, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Aymen Al-Shamkhani, Natalia Savelyeva, Gareth J. Thomas
Target audience:
Researchers in oncology and immunology
Data type:
Figures, tables, and experimental results
Methods:
Q-PCR, immunofluorescence, IHC, RNA sequencing, gene network analysis
Experimental models:
Murine syngeneic tumors, TC1, MC38, 4T1, BALBneuT breast tumors
Treatment tested:
NOX4 inhibition, TGF-β1 inhibition, αPD-1, αCTLA-4, macrophage depletion
Key focus:
CAF-mediated CD8 T-cell exclusion, tumor growth modulation, immunotherapy response
Supplementary content:
Figures S1–S6, Tables S1–S2
Year:
2022
Region / City:
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Subject:
Pharmacology, Immunotherapy, Herbal Medicine
Document Type:
Supplementary Research Document
Institution:
Chungnam National University, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
Authors:
Sung-yoon Yang, Jin-Mu Yi, Jaemoo Chun, Seongwon Park, Tham Thi Bui, Hwi-yeol Yun, Jung-woo Chae, Mi-Kyung Jeong
Target Audience:
Researchers in pharmacology and immunotherapy
Methodologies:
LC-MS/MS, ELISA, Cytokine Assay
Compounds Analyzed:
Bojungikki-tang components, anti-PD-L1 antibody
Study Model:
Mouse serum samples
Purpose:
Assessment of pharmacokinetic interactions and biomarker quantification
Note:
Prescribing Physician
Vials:
D, E, F
Vaccine Abbreviations:
T, M, G, C, W, D, R, Cr, Mx, Dm
Baseline Measurements:
Peak Flow, Blood Pressure
Health Screen:
Yes/No
Antihistamine Use:
Yes/No
Reactions:
Local (LR), Systemic (SR)
Year:
2026
Region / City:
Shanghai, China
Topic:
Cancer immunotherapy, ovarian cancer
Document Type:
Research article with supplementary materials
Institution:
Fudan University, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Shanghai Cancer Center
Authors:
Kankan Cao, Guodong Zhang, Moran Yang, Yiying Wang, Mengdi He, Chen Zhang, Yan Huang, Jiaqi Lu, Haiou Liu
Target Audience:
Biomedical researchers, oncologists
Experimental Models:
Mouse xenografts and isografts (OVCAR-5, SKOV3, HM1, ID8agg)
Methodologies:
RNA sequencing, CCK-8 proliferation assay, BrdU incorporation, colony formation assay, migration assay, Random Forest analysis, scRNA-seq
Therapeutic Interventions:
St3gal3 inhibition, macrophage depletion, CXCR3 blocking, α2,3 sialylation targeting, dual immune checkpoint blockade (anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4)
Data Repositories:
GEO accession numbers GSE213219, GSE224856, GSE158937, GSE147082
Supplementary Materials:
Figures S1–S14, detailed methods, references
Protocol version:
6.0
Date:
18 September 2020
Study name:
rEECur
Study design:
International randomised controlled trial
Medical condition:
Recurrent and primary refractory Ewing sarcoma
Intervention:
Chemotherapy
Sponsor:
University of Birmingham
Sponsor protocol number:
RG_13-277
CRCTU number:
SA2015
EudraCT number:
2014-000259-99
ISRCTN reference number:
ISRCTN36453794
Chief Investigator:
Dr Martin McCabe
Coordinating institution:
Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham
Geographic scope:
International
Participating regions:
United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Scandinavia, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland
Target population:
Patients with recurrent or primary refractory Ewing sarcoma
Regulatory status:
Ethics and regulatory approval required per participating country
Amendment history:
Substantial amendments between 2014 and 2016
Document type:
Clinical trial protocol
Randomisation method:
Centralised online randomisation
Trial phase:
Phase II (Germany-specific limitation noted)
Year:
2024
Region / city:
Global
Theme:
Oncology, Endometrial Cancer, Pharmaceutical Submissions
Document Type:
Medical Submission
Organization / Institution:
AstraZeneca Pty Ltd
Author:
AstraZeneca Pty Ltd
Target Audience:
Medical professionals, regulatory bodies, pharmaceutical companies
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2022
Country:
Australia
Therapeutic area:
Oncology
Disease:
Endometrial cancer
Biomarker status:
Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)
Medicine name:
Dostarlimab
Brand name:
Jemperli
Dosage form:
Solution concentrate for intravenous infusion
Sponsor:
GlaxoSmithKline Australia Pty Ltd
Regulatory body:
Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee
Submission type:
Standard Re-entry submission
Requested listing:
Section 100
Comparator treatments:
Standard of care chemotherapy; pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib; pembrolizumab monotherapy
Clinical trial referenced:
GARNET
Approval status:
Provisional approval
Indication:
Recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer after platinum-containing regimen
Decision context:
PBS listing consideration
Period covered:
Up to November 2022
Year:
2023
Region / city:
Aarhus, Denmark
Topic:
Psychiatry, Genetics
Document Type:
Research Supplement
Institution:
iPSYCH Research Initiative, Aarhus University
Author:
iPSYCH Investigators
Target Audience:
Researchers, Geneticists, Psychiatrists
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2024
Region / city:
United States
Theme:
Gastrointestinal pharmacology, infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance, healthcare management
Document Type:
Review
Institution:
Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, Augusta University
Author:
Nagesh VK, Tran HHV, Elias D, Kianifar Aguilar I, Sethi T, Menon A, Mansour C, Furman F, Tsotsos K, Subar T, Auda A, Sidiqui A, Lamar J, Wadhwani N, Dey S, Lo A, Atoot A, Weissman S, Sifuentes H, Bangolo AI
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals, researchers, medical practitioners
Period of Validity:
Ongoing studies, review is relevant until new treatments emerge
Date of Approval:
2024-07-25
Date of Changes:
2024-07-21
Year:
2021
Region / City:
Not specified
Theme:
Health, Medicine
Document Type:
Medical Guidance
Organization:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Patients on long-term steroid therapy
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Date of Approval:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2021
Region / City:
Chongqing, Hong Kong
Topic:
Chemical dynamic modeling, Neural networks, Attention mechanisms
Document Type:
Research article
Institution:
Chongqing University, Chongqing Technology and Business University, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Authors:
Yue Li, Ning Li, Jingzheng Ren, Weifeng Shen
Target Audience:
Researchers in chemical engineering, machine learning, and neural networks
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Context:
A research article on a neural network architecture (LACG) for modeling chemical dynamic processes with high accuracy.
Country:
Nigeria
Period Covered:
1981–2023
Subject:
Economic Growth and Recurrent Public Expenditure on Roads and Construction
Type of Document:
Academic Research Paper
Data Sources:
Central Bank of Nigeria Reports
Methodology:
Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model and Bounds Test
Variables Examined:
Real Gross Domestic Product, Recurrent Expenditure on Roads and Construction, Interest Rate, Inflation Rate
Keywords:
Economic Growth, Recurrent Expenditure, ARDL, Road and Construction
Sector Focus:
Transport Infrastructure and Public Finance
Geographical Scope:
National
Analytical Approach:
Long-run and Short-run Econometric Analysis
Time References Mentioned:
1981, 1990, 1999, 2006, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2023
Year:
2019
Region / City:
United Kingdom
Topic:
Psychological support for recurrent miscarriage
Document type:
Research study
Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Bailey et al.
Target audience:
Women with recurrent miscarriage, healthcare professionals, researchers
Period of validity:
Not applicable
Approval date:
Not specified
Date of changes:
Not specified
Year:
2016
Region / City:
Unknown
Topic:
Medical research, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), mortality prediction
Document Type:
Research article
Organization / Institution:
Unspecified
Author:
M. Aczon, D. Ledbetter, E. Laksana, L. Ho, R. Wetzel
Target Audience:
Medical researchers, healthcare professionals
Period of Validity:
2016 onwards
Approval Date:
Unknown
Date of Changes:
Unknown
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Not specified
Topic:
Hemochromatosis, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Thalassemia
Document Type:
Case Report
Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Healthcare professionals, researchers in cardiology
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Date of Approval:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2026
Region / City:
Not specified
Topic:
Cardiology, Obesity, Atrial Fibrillation
Document Type:
Research Study
Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Cardiologists, medical researchers, healthcare professionals
Study Population:
Morbidly obese patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m² undergoing AF catheter ablation
Sample Size:
217 patients
Methods:
Retrospective observational study
Primary Outcome:
Composite of recurrent atrial arrhythmias and cardiovascular hospitalizations
Risk Factors Analyzed:
BMI fluctuations, blood pressure, obstructive sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus with HbA1c >6.5%
Follow-up Period:
Mean 2.9 years after ablation
Key Findings:
Only HbA1c >6.5% independently predicted primary outcome; timing of ablation did not affect outcomes
Conclusion:
Optimizing glycemic control is crucial for reducing recurrent atrial arrhythmias and cardiovascular hospitalizations in morbidly obese patients undergoing AF ablation