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Veterinary educational reference summarizing transmission, clinical signs, disease progression, and management of feline upper respiratory infections caused by herpesvirus and calicivirus.
Topic: Feline infectious respiratory diseases
Document Type: Veterinary informational summary
Subject: Upper respiratory infections in cats
Pathogens: Feline herpesvirus (feline rhinotracheitis virus), feline calicivirus
Animal Species: Domestic cat
Transmission: Direct contact with infected cats and aerosol spread from sneezing up to 4 feet
Environmental Survival: Herpesvirus survives 12–18 hours; calicivirus survives 8–10 days in the environment
Disinfection: Herpesvirus inactivated by most disinfectants; calicivirus inactivated by bleach or Accel
Risk Factors: Stress increasing susceptibility to infection
Acute Symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, inappetence, lethargy
Chronic Manifestations: Sinusitis, chronic sneezing, persistent nasal or ocular discharge
Additional Signs (Calicivirus): Tongue ulcers and transient limping in kittens
Typical Disease Duration: Approximately 7–10 days for herpesvirus and 10–14 days for calicivirus
Treatment Approaches: Antibiotics for secondary infections, ocular medications, antihistamines, antiviral medications, saline nasal drops, and supportive care
Medications Mentioned: Doxycycline, Tobramycin, idoxuridine, famciclovir
Preventive Measures: Vaccination reducing severity of clinical signs but not preventing infection or all strains
Price: 8 / 10 USD
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Turkey rhinotracheitis (avian metapneumovirus infections)
Year: 2026
Region / Country: Global
Subject: Veterinary virology, poultry diseases
Document type: Scientific chapter
Institution / Organization: Not specified
Target audience: Veterinarians, poultry researchers, animal health specialists
Pathogen: Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV)
Affected species: Turkeys, chickens, ducks, pheasants, Muscovy ducks, Peking ducks, guinea fowl
Clinical signs: Respiratory infection, reproductive disorders, swollen head syndrome, decreased egg production
Transmission: Highly contagious, rapid spread through flocks
Diagnosis methods: Virus isolation, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, virus neutralization
Serotypes / subgroups: A, B, C, D
Public health relevance: No human infections reported
Economic impact: Losses in turkey and chicken flocks
Infection with koi herpesvirus
Year: Not specified
Region / city: Not specified
Theme: Koi herpesvirus infection, aquaculture
Document type: Scientific chapter
Organization / institution: Not specified
Author: Not specified
Target audience: Researchers, aquaculture professionals
Period of validity: Not specified
Approval date: Not specified
Date of changes: Not specified
Contextual description: A scientific chapter discussing the infection caused by koi herpesvirus (KHV), its agent, host factors, and survival conditions in different environments.
Supplementary Tables 1–2: Epidemiologic, Clinicopathologic and Diagnostic Findings of Goose and Swan Herpesvirus Cases (1989–2021)
Document type: Supplementary tables
Subject: Epidemiology, clinicopathology and diagnostic testing of herpesvirus infections
Species affected: Domestic goose (Anser anser domestics); Black swan (Cygnus atratus)
Locations: Lowood; Townsville; Maryborough; Lockyer Valley; Cairns
Dates covered: 15/01/1989–5/01/2021; 14/02/1991 (swan case)
Number of cases: 6
Number at risk: 159 geese; 4 swans
Number dead: 141 geese; 2 swans
Clinical signs: Lethargy, recumbency, inappetence, vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors, ataxia, open-mouth breathing, rapid death
Gross pathology findings: Hepatic petechiae and necrosis, splenomegaly, intestinal plaques and haemorrhages, thymic enlargement, pulmonary congestion
Histopathology findings: Multifocal necrotising hepatitis, splenitis, enteritis, thymitis, vasculitis, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
Diagnostic methods: PCR, virus isolation, electron microscopy, next generation sequencing, serology, microbiology, ELISA
Viruses identified: Goose herpesvirus (AnHV-2); distinct herpesvirus (AnHV-3)
GenBank accession numbers: OR578703; OR578701; OR540300; OR578702; OR578704
Comparative tests performed: Avian Influenza Type A, Newcastle disease virus, DVE, DHV1, pigeon herpesvirus, rotavirus, Salmonella, botulism, heavy metals
INFECTION WITH KOI HERPESVIRUS
Year: 2007
Region / city: Global
Topic: Aquatic animal health
Document type: Scientific article
Organization / institution: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
Author: Multiple authors (Engelsma et al., Haramoto et al., Waltzek et al., etc.)
Target audience: Scientists, veterinarians, and aquatic animal health professionals
Effective period: N/A
Approval date: N/A
Amendment date: N/A
Molecular Detection and Prevalence of Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Among Male Blood Donors in Kassala, Sudan
Year: 2024
Region / City: Kassala, Sudan
Subject: Virology, Blood Transfusion Safety
Document Type: Research Article
Institution: Kassala University
Authors: Doaa M. E. Musa, Abdelrhman A. Mohammed, Yasir B. Ahmed, Duaa H. Ibrahim, Leila M. A. Abdelgader, Ghanem M. Mahjaf, Alhaj S. M. A. Ali, Nadir M. Abuzeid
Target Audience: Researchers, Medical Professionals, Blood Bank Administrators
Date of Approval: 2022
Date of Changes: N/A
Topics: Calicivirus rhinotracheitis herpesvirus