№ files_lp_4_process_1_50893
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Laboratory chemistry procedure describing extraction of paracetamol from commercial tablets, purification by recrystallisation from water, and comparison of melting points between crude and purified samples to examine the influence of impurities on crystal structure.
Subject:
Chemistry
Topic:
Organic compound extraction and purification
Document type:
Laboratory experiment procedure
Chemical compound:
Paracetamol
Experimental technique:
Extraction and recrystallisation
Educational level:
Secondary or introductory laboratory chemistry
Required chemicals:
Paracetamol tablets; propanone; water
Laboratory equipment:
Conical flasks; measuring cylinder; warm water bath; filter funnel; filter papers; beaker; pipette; cotton wool; glass funnel; Bunsen burner; tripod and gauze; melting point apparatus; balance
Safety requirements:
Eye protection; handling precautions for propanone vapour and flammable liquids
Process steps:
Dissolution in propanone; filtration; solvent evaporation; recrystallisation from water; crystallisation and drying
Analytical method:
Melting point determination
Key concept:
Effect of impurities on melting point and crystal structure
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Year:
Not specified
Document Type:
Supplementary information
Subject:
Quantitative analysis of acetaminophen and metabolites in plasma
Analytes:
APAP, APAP-G, APAP-S, APAP-C, APAP-NAC, APAP-SG
Biological Matrices:
Rat plasma; pig plasma; human plasma
Analytical Method:
U(H)PLC-MS
Institutions:
Imperial College London; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; AstraZeneca; Royal Veterinary College; UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health
Geographical Location:
London; Ware; Cambridge; Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Content Elements:
Calibration curve preparation; quality control samples; stock solution preparation; internal standard preparation; validation data
Validation Scope:
Rat plasma method validation over three days
Tables Included:
S1–S8
Year:
2017
Region / City:
N/A
Theme:
Electrochemical analysis, pharmaceutical sciences
Document Type:
Research Paper
Author:
Tanuja S B, Kumara Swamy B E, Vasantakumar Pai K
Target Audience:
Researchers, professionals in electrochemistry and pharmaceuticals
Period of Action:
N/A
Date of Approval:
N/A
Date of Changes:
N/A
Context:
Research paper presenting a study on electrochemical techniques for the determination of paracetamol in presence of folic acid using modified electrodes.
Year:
2025
Region / Country:
International, USA, UK, EU, Australia, Spain
Topic:
Public health, medication safety, vaccines
Document type:
News article
Source:
The Guardian
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
General public
Date of publication:
23 September 2025
Key figures:
Donald Trump, Tarik Jašarević, Wes Streeting, Alison Cave, Steffen Thirstrup, Mónica García
Main focus:
Scientific response to unproven health claims
Endorsing organizations:
WHO, MHRA, EMA, TGA, NHS
by:
Stacy Thibodeaux
Grade Level:
9-11
Subject:
States of matter, freezing/melting point of water, colligative properties of matter
Type of document:
Lesson Plan
Teacher:
Stacy Thibodeaux
Target Audience:
High School Students
Duration:
1 class period
Materials:
Ice, Salt, Water, Test Tubes, DataQuest 18
Note:
Learning Objectives
Assessment:
Students provide evidence explaining how adding salt to water lowers its freezing point.
Year:
2021
Region / City:
N/A
Topic:
Chemistry education
Document type:
Educational resource
Institution:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Author:
N/A
Target audience:
Students
Period of validity:
N/A
Approval date:
N/A
Date of changes:
N/A
Year:
Not specified
Region / city:
Not specified
Subject:
Changes of state, Particle model
Document type:
Educational material
Organization / institution:
Not specified
Author:
Not specified
Target audience:
Students
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval date:
Not specified
Date of changes:
Not specified
Contextual description:
Educational source explaining the concepts of melting and boiling points, changes of state, and the particle model in chemistry.
Note:
Year
Subject:
Chemistry
Document Type:
Practical Experiment
Organization / Institution:
Nuffield Foundation, Royal Society of Chemistry
Target Audience:
Learners
Year:
Current edition
Region / City:
Apple Valley, MN, USA
Topic:
Hydronic snow and ice melting systems
Document Type:
Technical specification
Organization / Institution:
Uponor
Author:
Uponor
Target Audience:
Contractors, engineers, installers of hydronic systems
Period of Validity:
25 years from installation
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Context:
Technical specification for the design, installation, and quality assurance of hydronic snow and ice melting systems using PEX piping.
Year:
2019
Authors:
Henning Großkopf, Sarah Vogel, Claudia Damaris Müller, Sebastian Köhling, Jan-Niklas Dürig, Stephanie Möller, Matthias Schnabelrauch, Jörg Rademann, Ute Hempel, Martin von Bergen, Kristin Schubert
Type:
Research Article
Keywords:
glycosaminoglycans, proteins, mass spectrometry, affinity purification, hyaluronan, biotinylation
Region / City:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Scientists, researchers in biochemistry, molecular biology, and related fields
Research Focus:
Protein interactions with glycosaminoglycans
Methodology:
Mass spectrometry, affinity purification
Date of Publication:
2019
Supporting Materials:
Supplementary methods and materials provided
Year:
2018
Region / City:
Syracuse, NY
Subject:
Reverse Osmosis Water Purification System for Veterans Affairs
Document Type:
Solicitation
Agency:
Department of Veterans Affairs
Target Audience:
Small Business Suppliers
Period of Validity:
30 days after award
Approval Date:
06-12-2018
Modification Date:
N/A
Year:
2021
Region / City:
Johannesburg
Topic:
Water purification
Document Type:
Instruction Manual
Organization:
Home of Living Brands
Author:
Russell Hobbs
Target Audience:
Consumers of Russell Hobbs products
Period of Validity:
2 years
Approval Date:
2021
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Warranty Period:
2 years
Extended Warranty:
1 year (upon registration)
Description:
Instruction manual for the Russell Hobbs Purification and Mineralization Bottle, detailing features, assembly, usage instructions, and warranty conditions.
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Gainesville, FL
Topic:
DNA extraction and purification protocols
Document Type:
Protocol
Organization / Institution:
UF-IFAS Plant Diagnostic Center
Author:
Dr. Pei-Ling Yu
Target Audience:
Researchers in genomics and plant diagnostics
Effective Period:
January 2023
Approval Date:
January 12, 2023
Modification Date:
N/A
Year:
2026
Institution:
University of Latvia, Institute of Chemical Physics
Location:
Riga, Latvia
Authors:
Assoc. Prof. Elīna Pajuste, Mg. chem. Patrīcija Kalniņa, Mg. chem. Edgars Mamis
Type of document:
Research project description
Funding:
Latvian Council of Science, University of Latvia Foundation
Target radionuclides:
149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb, Sc isotopes
Methods:
Mass separation, electrochemical and chemical purification, ion exchange resins, SEM, EDX, BET, FT-IR, pycnometry
Materials:
TaC, VC, VB, TiC-nanoscale, composite targets
Applications:
Theranostic radiopharmaceutical development, pre-clinical studies
Research facilities:
CERN-MEDICIS, University of Latvia radiochemistry lab
Year:
2012-2014
Region / location:
New Zealand (Dunedin, Campbell Island, Catlins, Greymouth, Southland), Tasmania
Subject:
Molecular biology, DNA extraction, PCR purification
Document type:
Research protocol
Institution:
University of Otago, Department of Botany
Author:
Summerfield T. C.
Target audience:
Researchers in molecular biology and mycology
Methods referenced:
Cubero et al. (1999), Summerfield (2003), Ye et al. (2004)
Specimen details:
Voucher specimens with collection dates and locations, held at Otago Regional Herbarium and Department of Conservation
Materials:
EconoSpin® All-In-One Mini Spin Columns, homemade buffers (PEX, WS, EB)
Procedures included:
Sample preparation, tissue disruption, cell lysis, chloroform extraction, spin-column purification of DNA and PCR products
Equipment:
Microcentrifuge, NanoDrop 1000 Spectrophotometer
Reference genome type:
Genomic DNA from lichens and other fungi
Year:
2021
Region / State:
Minnesota
Country:
United States
Topic:
Drinking water purification and pollutant monitoring
Document Type:
Research funding proposal
Funding Program:
Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund Request for Proposal
Proposal ID:
2021-317
Project Title:
Sensor-Embedded Purification System for Clean Drinking Water
Author:
Tianhong Cui
Organization:
University of Minnesota – College of Science and Engineering
Project Manager:
Tianhong Cui
Contact Telephone:
(612) 626-1636
Contact Email:
[email protected]
Funding Category:
Water Resources (B)
Requested Funding:
$536,000
Proposed Project Completion Date:
2024-06-30
Project Location Scale:
Statewide
Impact Area:
Statewide
Impact Timing:
During the project and in the future
Key Technologies:
embedded sensors, activated carbon filtration, UV purification, multilayer conductive purification film
Target Contaminants:
lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chloride, microbes, organic compounds
Planned Activities:
sensor array development, compact purification system construction, system integration and optimization
Activity Budget Allocation:
$356,000 (Activity 1); $180,000 (Activity 2)
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Prague, Czech Republic
Subject:
Water purification, micromotors
Document type:
Supplementary Information
Organization / Institution:
University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
Authors:
Huaijuan Zhou, Bing Wu, Lukas Dekanovsky, Shuangying Wei, Bahareh Khezri, Tomas Hartman, Jinhua Li, Zdenek Sofer
Target audience:
Researchers in chemistry, materials science, and environmental engineering
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval date:
Not specified
Modification date:
Not specified
Context:
This document presents supplementary information related to a study on the integration of BiOI nanosheets into bubble-propelled micromotors for enhanced water purification efficiency, including experimental data and figures.
Year:
2023
Author:
Massimiliano Simons
Institution:
KU Leuven
Field:
Philosophy of Science / Science and Technology Studies
Document Type:
Academic Article
Keywords:
Bachelard, phénoménotechnique, epistemological rupture, purification, proliferation, science studies, Latour, Althusser
Audience:
Scholars and students in philosophy of science and STS
Abstract:
Analyzes the relationship between Bachelard’s concepts of epistemological break and phénoménotechnique, exploring historical interpretations and contemporary relevance
Period Covered:
1960s–1980s (historical uses), theoretical discussion up to 2023