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Analysis of social, political, and economic structures of Native American, European, and African societies and the transformations resulting from their interactions during early modern contact.
Year: 1450-1600
Region: North and South America, Europe, West Africa
Subject: History, Colonial Encounters, Slavery, Trade
Document Type: Educational Textbook Chapter
Institution: America’s History textbook
Author: Not specified
Target Audience: High school or college students
Period Covered: 1450-1600
Key Themes: Indigenous societies, European exploration, Columbian Exchange, transatlantic slave trade, social hierarchies, trade networks, religion
Learning Objectives: Understanding political, economic, and social structures; analyzing impacts of cross-cultural contacts
Price: 8 / 10 USD
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Mixed ancestry of Europeans who settled Iceland and Greenland: 3D geometric-morphometric analyses of cranial base shape
Section: Research
Field: Archaeology
Subfield: Geometric morphometrics
Topic: Cranial base shape and population ancestry
Authors: Kimberly A. Plomp; Keith Dobney; Hildur Gestsdóttir; Mark Collard
Corresponding authors: Kimberly A. Plomp; Mark Collard
Institutions: University of the Philippines Diliman; Simon Fraser University; University of Sydney; University of Aberdeen; Institute of Archaeology, Reykjavik
Geographical focus: Iceland; Greenland; Scandinavia; British Isles
Sample groups: Greenlandic; Scandinavian; southern British; Scottish and Irish
Methods: Photogrammetry; 3D modelling; landmark-based geometric morphometrics; Generalised Procrustes Analysis; Principal Components Analysis; Canonical Variates Analysis; Linear Discriminant Analysis; MANOVA
Software: Agisoft Metashape (2019 edition); MorphoDig; Morphologika; MorphoJ; R
Landmarks recorded: 34 cranial base and temporal bone landmarks
Data collection: XYZ coordinates recorded from 3D cranial models
Intra-observer error assessment: Repeated digitisation and Procrustes distance comparison
Analytical framework: Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and comparative shape analysis
References cited: Evin et al. (2013, 2015, 2016); Harvati & Weaver (2006); Bookstein (1991); Neubauer et al. (2009, 2010); Klingenberg (2011); Slice (2007); O’Higgins & Jones (2006); Plomp et al. (2021)
Topics: Colliding 1450-1600 Europeans