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Study item report detailing evaluation of gNB-based mono-static sensing for UAV scenarios, including metrics, measurement assumptions, network architecture, RAN-CN signaling, and performance assessment.
Year:
2025-2026
Organization:
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
Technical Specification Group:
RAN Access Network
Type of document:
Technical Report
Scope:
Study on Integrated Sensing and Communication for NR
Target use cases:
UAV detection and tracking
Frequency range:
FR1 prioritized
Content focus:
Network architecture, procedures, signaling, performance evaluation
Copyright:
© 2025, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC)
Authoring group:
TSG RAN
Document version:
V0.23.0
Distribution:
Public
Contact:
650 Route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France; Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
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Year:
2025
Region / City:
Dallas, US
Theme:
Telecommunications, 5G, ISAC
Document Type:
Technical Paper
Organization / Institution:
3GPP TSG-RAN3
Author:
Xiaomi, Huawei, CATT, LG Electronics, CMCC, Ericsson, NEC
Target Audience:
Telecom engineers, 5G specialists
Action Period:
November 17 - 21, 2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Modification Date:
Not specified
Year:
2026
Meeting:
3GPP TSG-RAN3 Meeting #131
Location:
Goteborg, Sweden
Dates:
9 February 2026 – 17 February 2026
Agenda item:
13.2
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN3
Source organization:
Xiaomi
Document type:
Technical proposal (TP) to pCR 38.765
Technical field:
5G radio access network architecture and sensing integration
Topic:
Protocol stack options for sensing signalling and sensing data transmission
Network entities discussed:
gNB and SF
Transport protocol options:
SCTP-based, GTP-U-based, WebSocket-based protocol stacks
Related work item:
21_ISACarch
Content elements:
protocol stack diagrams and evaluation table for sensing data transport protocols
Evaluation criteria:
data volume suitability, reliability, protocol efficiency and overhead, standardization efforts and working group impact
Year:
2026
Region / city:
Goa, India
Topic:
ISAC KPI categorization
Document type:
Meeting document
Organization / institution:
Nokia
Author:
Hideaki Takahashi
Target audience:
3GPP TSG SA WG 1 members
Period of validity:
February 2026
Date of approval:
February 2026
Date of changes:
Not specified
Year:
2026
Region / city:
Goa, India
Subject:
ISAC KPI categorization
Document type:
Meeting document
Organization:
3GPP TSG SA WG 1
Author:
Nokia (ISAC KPI moderator)
Target audience:
3GPP participants
Period of validity:
February 2026
Approval date:
Pending
Date of revisions:
Not specified
Year:
2024
Region / city:
Changsha, China
Topic:
ISAC channel modeling
Document type:
Meeting summary
Organization:
3GPP TSG RAN WG1
Author:
Moderator (Xiaomi)
Target audience:
Participants of 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 meetings
Period of validity:
2024
Approval date:
April 15th, 2024
Revision date:
April 19th, 2024
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Wuhan, China
Subject:
ISAC Channel Model Calibration
Document Type:
Discussion and Decision Summary
Organization:
3GPP TSG RAN WG1
Author:
Moderator (AT&T)
Target Audience:
Industry professionals and companies interested in ISAC channel modeling
Period of Validity:
N/A
Approval Date:
N/A
Amendment Date:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Athens, Greece
Subject:
Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) channel modelling
Document Type:
Discussion and Decision
Organization / Institution:
3GPP TSG RAN WG1
Author:
Moderator (AT&T)
Target Audience:
Industry professionals and stakeholders in ISAC development
Period of Validity:
February 17th – 21st, 2025
Approval Date:
February 17th, 2025
Date of Amendments:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Athens, Greece
Topic:
Channel Modelling for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)
Document Type:
Meeting Summary
Organization:
3GPP
Author:
Moderator (Xiaomi)
Target Audience:
RAN1 Working Group Members
Period of Validity:
February 17th – 21st, 2025
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of Changes:
Not specified
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Dallas, US
Topic:
NR ISAC evaluations
Document Type:
Summary
Organization:
3GPP TSG RAN WG1
Author:
Moderator (Xiaomi)
Target Audience:
RAN1 participants, industry professionals
Period of Validity:
November 17th – 21st, 2025
Approval Date:
November 2025
Revision Date:
N/A
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Dallas, US
Topic:
Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)
Document Type:
Meeting Agenda
Organization / Institution:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG3
Author:
Xiaomi (moderator)
Target Audience:
Industry professionals, 3GPP members
Period of validity:
November 2025
Approval Date:
November 2025
Modification Date:
Not specified
Note:
References
SF:
Sensing Function
gNB:
Next Generation NodeB
NxAP:
Next Application Protocol
AMF:
Access and Mobility Management Function
NRF:
Network Repository Function
NEF:
Network Exposure Function
Sensing Function:
Represents the Sensing Function as defined in TR 23.700-14
Protocol Stack:
SCTP-based with NxAP for control plane signaling
Open Issues:
Selection of gNB information for Sensing Function, procedure for Sensing Report signaling
Year:
Not specified
Region / Area:
Blackpool, Wyre, Fylde
Organisation:
Fylde Coast Women’s Aid (FCWA)
Document Type:
Adult referral form
Subject:
Domestic abuse support and refuge applications
Services Included:
IDVA, ISAC, Outreach, Drop-in, Recovery Programme, Refuge, Complex Needs Refuge
Target Group:
Adult victims of domestic abuse
Geographical Scope:
Blackpool, Wyre and Fylde local authority areas
Required Assessment:
CAADA DASH Risk Assessment
Referral Basis:
With consent unless safeguarding risk overrides consent
Related Agencies:
Police, Probation, Children’s Services
Contact Details:
PO BOX 33, Blackpool FY9 3GZ; Office Line 01253 752014; Helpline 01253 596699
Year:
2026
Region / City:
International
Subject:
Telecommunications / 5G NR
Document Type:
Contact List
Organization:
ISAC (International Semiconductor and Communications Alliance)
Companies Included:
Xiaomi, vivo, CMCC, LGE, ZTE, IDCC, NIST, Ericsson, Huawei, HiSilicon, SONY, CATT, CICTCI, OPPO, Samsung, Sharp, Fraunhofer, EURECOM, NTT DOCOMO, MediaTek, AT&T, China Telecom, Nokia, NSB, Tejas Networks, Tiami Networks, Spreadtrum, UNISOC, Google, Lekha Wireless, Lenovo, Panasonic, ETRI, Hanbat National University, SK Telecom, KPN, TNO, NVIDIA, T-Mobile US, NEC, Transsion, Qualcomm
Responsible Persons:
Listed with names and emails
Context:
Contact list of responsible individuals across multiple telecommunications companies for coordination of NR study items in ISAC
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Athens, Greece
Topic:
ISAC deployment scenarios
Document Type:
Meeting Document
Source:
Moderator (AT&T)
Author:
Jerome Vogedes
Target Audience:
RAN Working Group members
Period of Action:
February 26th – March 1st, 2023
Approval Date:
Not provided
Date of Changes:
Not provided
Contact Information:
Jerome Vogedes, [email protected]
Deployment Scenarios:
UAVs, Humans indoors and outdoors, Automotive vehicles, Automated guided vehicles, Objects creating hazards on roads/railways
Sensing Modes:
TRP-TRP bistatic, TRP monostatic, TRP-UE bistatic, UE-TRP bistatic, UE-UE bistatic, UE monostatic
Frequency Range:
0.5 to 52.6 GHz, scalable to 100 GHz
Evaluation Parameters:
Modelling of sensing targets, background environment, radar cross-section (RCS), mobility, clutter/scattering patterns
Next Steps:
Feedback from companies, revision of FL priorities
Year:
2024
Location:
Maastricht, NL
Meeting:
3GPP TSG RAN WG1 #118
Agenda item:
9.7.2
Source:
Moderator (Xiaomi)
Title:
Summary #3 on ISAC channel modelling
Document for:
Discussion/Decision
Study item:
Channel modelling for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)
Related meetings:
RAN #102, RAN #103, RAN1 #116bis, RAN#105
Frequency range:
0.5–52.6 GHz (scalable to 100 GHz)
Sensing modes:
TRP-TRP bistatic; TRP monostatic; TRP-UE bistatic; UE-TRP bistatic; UE-UE bistatic; UE monostatic
Reference specification:
38.901
Objects considered:
UAVs; humans (indoors and outdoors); automotive vehicles; automated guided vehicles; road and railway hazards
Proposals status tags:
[H], [M], [L], [FL4]
Subject matter:
RCS modelling, direct and indirect path generation, stochastic clusters, polarization modelling, Doppler and delay definitions
Year:
2026
Region / City:
Global
Subject:
Telecommunications, Contact Information
Document Type:
Contact List
Organization:
ISAC, NR
Author:
Not specified
Target Audience:
Not specified
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval date:
Not specified
Amendment date:
Not specified
Year:
2026
Region / City:
India, Goa
Topic:
5G ISAC, Sensing Data Connection Management
Document Type:
Technical Contribution
Author:
LG Electronics
Target Audience:
Industry Professionals, Telecommunications Engineers
Period of Validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Amendment Date:
Not specified
Agenda Item:
20.2.2
Work Item / Release:
FS_Sensing_ARC / Rel-20
Context Description:
A technical document detailing the procedure for managing sensing data connections between SF and SE in the 5G ISAC network.
Year:
2026
Location:
Gothenburg, SE
Subject:
Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) for NR
Document Type:
Meeting notes / Study Item report
Organization:
3GPP TSG RAN WG1
Author:
Ad-Hoc Chair (NTT DOCOMO, INC.), Moderators (Xiaomi)
Agenda Item:
9.5
Target Audience:
RAN1 study group
Reference Documents:
RP-253246, 124-R20-ISAC, R1-2601509–R1-2601384
Scope:
Evaluation assumptions, performance metrics, measurement quantization, UAV use case
Date of Meeting:
Feb. 9–13, 2026
Decisions:
Definitions and agreements on measurement levels, quantization methods, velocity measurements, assistance information, endorsement of TR 38.765 text proposals
Evaluation Results:
Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 outcomes for UAV sensing with gNB monostatic sensing
Limitations:
Issues on ambiguity handling not further discussed in Rel-20 NR ISAC