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This document outlines the logic level implementation of Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) modulator and demodulator using a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) IC, specifically the HC/HCT4046A, focusing on modulation and demodulation techniques in telecommunications.
Year:
2023
Region / City:
Not specified
Topic:
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Locked Loop (PLL), Modulation, Demodulation
Document Type:
Application Report
Organization / Institution:
Not specified
Author:
Mahendra Patel
Target Audience:
Engineers, researchers, and technicians in telecommunications and signal processing
Period of validity:
Not specified
Approval Date:
Not specified
Date of changes:
Not specified
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The product description is provided for reference. Actual content and formatting may differ slightly.
Year:
2019
Region / City:
Victoria
Subject:
Vocational Education and Training
Document Type:
Guide
Agency / Organization:
Department of Education and Training, State of Victoria
Author:
Department of Education and Training (DET)
Target Audience:
Registered Training Organisations (RTOs)
Effective Period:
Ongoing
Approval Date:
December 20, 2019
Amendment Date:
N/A
Copyright:
© State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) 2019
Licence:
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia
Version History:
Release 2.0 (December 2019), Release 1.0 (February 2017, July 2016, February 2014, August 2013)
Transition:
Information provided in Training Package Companion Volume Implementation Guide
Year:
2025
Location:
Dallas, USA
Subject:
6G radio demodulation
Document type:
Meeting summary / Technical contributions
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4
Author:
Feature Lead (MediaTek inc.)
Audience:
RAN4 participants and 3GPP members
Event date:
17–21 November 2025
Agenda item:
8.1
Source companies:
Qualcomm, China Telecom
Proposals count:
16
Observation count:
14
Summarized topics:
Channel models, TxEVM and SNR, Receiver assumptions, Interference modelling, Performance testing, UE classification, Uplink demodulation
Year:
2022
Region / city:
Electronic Meeting
Topic:
Wireless communication, 5G
Document type:
Meeting document
Organization:
Qualcomm Incorporated
Audience:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 participants
Period of validity:
May 09 - 20, 2022
Approval date:
Not specified
Date of changes:
Not specified
Note:
Context
Year:
2022
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4
Meeting type:
Electronic Meeting
Document type:
Information Summary
Source:
Qualcomm Incorporated
Participants:
Apple Inc., Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, Ericsson, Huawei, HiSilicon
Agenda item:
9.15.10.2
Topic:
UE performance requirements for Rel-17 extension to 71GHz
Rounds of discussion:
1st round, 2nd round
Frequency range:
FR2-2
SCS/CBW combinations:
120 kHz, 480 kHz, 960 kHz SCS; CBW 100 MHz – 2000 MHz
Proposals and observations:
UE demodulation, channel models (TDL-A, TDL-D), Doppler and delay spread considerations, PDSCH/PDCCH/PBCH requirements
Year:
2023
Location:
Xiamen, CN
Topic:
NR FR2 Multi-RX Downlink Demodulation
Document Type:
Meeting Report / Technical Summary
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4
Authors:
Qualcomm (Moderator), Apple, Nokia, Huawei, HiSilicon, MediaTek
Audience:
3GPP members, industry engineers
Agenda Item:
5.7.4
Document Number:
R4-231xxxx
Period Covered:
Oct 9–13, 2023
Status:
Discussion ongoing, initial evaluation for performance requirements
Year:
2025
Region / City:
Dallas, USA
Subject:
UE demodulation and NR-CA scenarios
Document Type:
Meeting report
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4
Authors:
Ericsson, Qualcomm, Huawei, Nokia
Target Audience:
3GPP members and contributing companies
Period:
November 17 – November 21, 2025
Agenda Items:
6.2.1
Topics:
Simulation assumptions, antenna connection rules, CR work split, PDSCH demodulation requirements
Simulation Results:
Included for UE demodulation requirements
Clause References:
5.1.1.x, 5.2A.3.x, A.3.2.2.2
Source:
Ericsson
Year:
2026
Location:
Gothenburg, Sweden
Document type:
Change Request
Work item code:
NR_LPWUS-Perf
Source to WG:
Qualcomm
Source to TSG:
R4
Release:
Rel-19
Category:
B (addition of feature)
Affected clauses:
3.1, 5.1.1.3, 7.1.1.3, 5.X (new clause), 7.7 (new clause), A3.X (new clause)
Test specifications affected:
TS38.521-4
Other core specifications affected:
Yes
Purpose:
Define demodulation performance requirements for NR LP-WUS
Revision history included:
Yes
Year:
2026
City:
Gothenburg
Country:
Sweden
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN Working Group 4
Meeting:
TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #118
Agenda item:
6.22
Topic ID:
311
Topic title:
Rel-19 Demod_Part1_duplex_NTN
Work items:
NR_duplex_evo-Perf; NR_NTN_Ph3-Perf
Technical areas:
SBFD demodulation; NTN demodulation
Document type:
Technical meeting topic summary
Source:
Moderator (Samsung)
Contributing companies:
ZTE Corporation; Sanechips; Huawei; HiSilicon; Ericsson; Samsung; Nokia
Technical specifications referenced:
3GPP TS 38.104; 3GPP TS 38.141-1; 3GPP TS 38.141-2; 3GPP TS 38.211; 3GPP TS 38.212
Related references:
R4-2523110; RP-241614; RP-243300
Technology:
5G NR
Focus topics:
SBFD demodulation requirements; PUSCH performance with UL muting; SBFD-capable base stations; NTN uplink capacity and RedCap UE support
Release:
3GPP Release 19
Audience:
3GPP RAN4 participants and telecom equipment vendors
Year:
2023
City:
Toulouse
Country:
France
Meeting:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #108
Agenda item:
8.18.1
Topic:
NR_demod_enh3_Part1 – Advanced Receiver for MU-MIMO
Technical field:
5G NR radio access network standardization
Document type:
Technical meeting contribution summary
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4
Moderator / Source:
China Telecom
Contributing companies:
China Telecom; Apple; ZTE Corporation; Nokia; Nokia Shanghai Bell
Work item:
Rel-18 NR demodulation requirement evolution
Content focus:
Reference receiver selection, R-ML receiver assumptions, blind detection complexity, RRC signaling proposals, UE capability signaling, MU-MIMO demodulation performance evaluation
Target audience:
RAN4 participants and technical contributors involved in 5G NR standardization
Date of meeting:
August 21–25, 2023
Purpose:
Information
Year:
2026
Location:
Gothenburg Metropolitan Area, Sweden
Document type:
Change Request
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN4
Author:
Nokia
Work item code:
NonCol_intraB_ENDC_NR_CA_Ph2-Perf
Release:
Rel-19
Category:
B
Date submitted:
2026-02-12
Clauses affected:
5.1.1.3, 5.1.1.7.3, 5.2A.3.6, A.3.2.2.2
Source to WG:
Nokia
Source to TSG:
R4
Summary:
Introduces PDSCH demodulation requirements for UE Type 4 in intra-band non-collocated EN-DC/NR-CA Phase 2 and specifies minimum and reference measurement conditions for non-colocated scenarios.
Year:
2021
Region / City:
Global
Topic:
Telecommunications, 5G Standards
Document Type:
Change Request
Organization / Institution:
3GPP
Author:
CATT
Target Audience:
Technical experts in telecommunications
Period of Validity:
Undefined
Approval Date:
2021-01-05
Change Date:
2021-01-05
Year:
2021
Date:
2021-02-02
Organization:
3rd Generation Partnership Project
Technical Group:
TSG RAN WG4
Meeting:
RAN WG4 Meeting #98-e
Document Type:
Change Request
Specification:
3GPP TS 38.101-4
Current Specification Version:
16.3.0
Release:
Rel-16
CR Number:
0131
Revision:
1
Category:
B (addition of feature)
Source to WG:
CMCC
Source to TSG:
R4
Work Item Code:
NR_UE_pow_sav-Perf
Affected Clauses:
5.3.2.2.3 (New); 5.3.3.2.3 (New)
Affected Specifications:
TS38.521-4
Technical Domain:
Radio Access Network
Subject:
Demodulation performance requirements for power saving UE in FR1 TDD using PDCCH DCI format 2_6
Test Scope:
FR1 TDD PDCCH monitoring and demodulation performance during DRX operation
Year:
2021
Region:
Global
Topic:
Telecommunications, 5G NR
Document Type:
Change Request
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4
Author:
MediaTek
Target Audience:
Network equipment manufacturers, test engineers
Work Item Code:
NR_UE_pow_sav-Perf
Release:
Rel-16
Category:
B (addition of feature)
Date Submitted:
2021-01-15
Affected Sections:
5.3.2.1.3, 5.3.3.1.3
Related Specifications:
TS38.101-4, TS38.521-4
Change Purpose:
Define demodulation performance requirements for power saving UE
Revision History:
Revised from draft CR R4-2102086
Year:
2023
Region / Location:
Online
Subject:
FR2 multi-RX downlink demodulation performance requirements
Document Type:
Meeting summary / technical report
Organization:
3GPP TSG-RAN WG4
Authors:
Qualcomm (moderator), Apple, Nokia, Huawei/HiSilicon, Ericsson
Agenda Item:
5.8.4
Period Covered:
17 Apr – 26 Apr 2023
Technical Focus:
PDSCH, CSI, PDCCH, PBCH, SDR
Test Methodology:
Simulation and OTA evaluation
MIMO Configuration:
2x2, 4x4 layers, single-DCI and multi-DCI scenarios
Channel Models:
TDLA, TDLD, correlation matrices for multi-RX
Modulation and Frequency:
Up to 64QAM, FR2 band, SCS 120 kHz, CBW 100 MHz
Key Discussions:
General aspects, correlation modeling, beam pair selection, UE demodulation requirements, PN considerations