№ files_lp_3_process_7_021473
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Scientific research article presenting the fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of palladium–polymer composite microneedle arrays for transdermal sensing using a hydrogel-based skin mimic model.
Authors: Aaron McConville; James Davis
Affiliation: School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
Institution: Ulster University
Document Type: Scientific research article
Field: Electrochemical sensing; Biomedical engineering; Materials science
Keywords: palladium; composite; microneedle; transdermal; sensing array
Total Words: 3107
Text Words: 2954
Figures: 3
References: 47
Materials Investigated: Palladium powder; Polystyrene; Polycarbonate; L-cysteine; Potassium ferrocyanide; Calcium alginate
Methodology: Solvent casting of metal particle–polymer mixtures into silicone microneedle moulds
Application Area: Transdermal electroanalysis
Experimental Model: Calcium alginate hydrogel skin mimic with ferrocyanide redox probe and Parafilm™ barrier
Array Configuration: 10 × 10 pyramidal microneedles (200 × 200 × 350 µm)
Price: 8 / 10 USD
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Patient Group Direction Supply of combined hormonal contraceptive transdermal patch
Version: 3.1
Date: January 2026
Location/Service/Organisation: [location/service/organisation]
PGD Development Group: Reproductive Health PGDs Short Life Working Group
Reviewed by: College of Sexual and Reproductive Health (CoSRH)
Date Template Comes into Effect: 1st April 2026
Review Date: 1st September 2028
Expiry Date: 31st March 2029
ESTRADIOL Transdermal gel (pump pack) 750 microgram (as hemihydrate) per 1.25 g dose, 64 doses, Estrogel®
Year: 2019
Region / City: Australia
Topic: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Document Type: Regulatory Submission
Organization / Institution: Besins Healthcare Australia Pty Ltd
Author: Not specified
Target Audience: Health professionals and regulatory authorities
Period of Effectiveness: Not specified
Approval Date: 8 May 2019
Modification Date: Not specified
Registration Status: TGA Registered
Indications: Estrogen deficiency, prevention of osteoporosis, menstrual irregularities, hormone replacement therapy
Purpose: Request for listing of medications in General Schedule
Product Names: Estrogel®, Prometrium®, Estrogel Pro
Safety Data: Includes safety outcomes such as breast pain, tenderness, breakthrough bleeding, and breast cancer risk
Comparator Products: Sandrena®, MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate)
Clinical Claims: Efficacy and safety comparison of Estrogel and MP to Sandrena and MPA
Source: Tables 1.2, pp23-24
Topics: Microneedle Palladium–Polymer transdermal