№ files_lp_3_process_9_26251
Scholarly synthesis presenting archaeological, historical, and geological evidence on the submerged ancient harbour complex of Apollonia and its transformation through relative sea level change from the Archaic period to Late Antiquity.
Subject: Ancient harbour of Apollonia in Cyrenaica
Location: Apollonia (Cyrenaica), near Cyrene, present-day Libya
Geographical context: Broad bay between Cape Naustathmos (Ras el-Hilal) and Phycus (near Ras Aamer)
Chronological span: ca 631 BC – Late Antiquity
Historical periods covered: Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, Late Antique
Type of document: Scholarly compilation with quoted expert communications and research summaries
Primary contributors cited: Nic Flemming; Kalliopi Baika (2013); Jean-Pierre Misson; André Laronde; Claude Sintès
Main themes: Harbour architecture; naval infrastructure; underwater archaeology; stratigraphy; relative sea level change; tectonic subsidence
Archaeological features: Harbour basins; slipways; sea walls; breakwaters; fortification towers; rock-cut structures; quays; quarry remains
Sea level data referenced: Estimated relative sea level difference of approximately 3.5–3.8 m since the beginning of the Christian era
Research basis: Underwater surveys; stratigraphic analysis; lithophaga indicators; geological and tectonic studies
Status of remains: Largely submerged; limited excavation; preservation under water
Price: 8 / 10 USD
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