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Analytical report by a European regulatory body examining market developments, regulatory conditions, and technical considerations for satellite-based Direct-to-Cell mobile communications integrated with terrestrial networks.
Type of document: Technical and regulatory report
Organisation: Electronic Communications Committee (ECC), CEPT
Subject: Satellite-based Direct-to-Cell (D2D) communications
Technologies covered: LEO satellites, MSS, IMT, 3GPP NTN
Geographical scope: Europe with international context
Target devices: Unmodified commercially available smartphones
Regulatory framework: ITU Radio Regulations, CEPT/ECC Decisions, EU regulatory framework
Related events: WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.4, WRC-27 Agenda Item 1.13
Market context: Terrestrial-satellite partnerships between MNOs and SNOs
Frequency range: Below 3 GHz
Use cases: Complementary satellite coverage for mobile communications
Source type: Policy-oriented technical study by a regional regulatory body
Price: 8 / 10 USD
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Revisions to WI FM44_47 on Satellite Based Direct-to-Cell (D2C) Communications via Existing Smartphones, WGFM FM44 (#79), 13–15 May 2024
Document code: Doc. FM44(24)019
Working group: WGFM FM44 (#79)
Meeting date: 13–15 May 2024
Location: ECO Copenhagen (Hybrid)
Date issued: 09 April 2024
Source: United Kingdom
Subject: Revisions to WI FM44_47, satellite based Direct-to-Cell (D2C) communications via existing available smartphones
Agenda reference: WRC-27 Agenda Item 1.13
Related body: ECC
Related group: CPG
Work item reference: FM44_47
Short name: Satellite based Direct-to-Cell (D2C) for smartphones communications
Type of document: Working group contribution and proposal
Deliverable: ECC Report
Responsible group: WG FM - FM44
Start date: 16-06-2023
Target date: 28-02-2025
Public consultation: 25-10-2024
Status: In Progress
Triggered by: Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland
Contact: Peter Faris ([email protected]
Note: )
Keywords: MNO, D2C, NTN, MFCN/ TRA-ECS
Proposal: Consider revisions to the WG-FM work item FM44_47 as shown in Annex 1
Scope: Exploration of regulatory, technical and coordination frameworks for satellite based Direct-to-Cell communications in absence of an international framework, with focus on operation in MFCN bands without satellite allocations
Revisions to WI FM44_47 on Satellite Based Direct-to-Cell (D2C) Communications via Existing Smartphones, WGFM FM44 (#79), 13–15 May 2024
Document code: Doc. FM44(24)019
Working group: WGFM FM44 (#79)
Meeting date: 13–15 May 2024
Location: ECO Copenhagen (Hybrid)
Date issued: 09 April 2024
Source: United Kingdom
Subject: Revisions to WI FM44_47, satellite based Direct-to-Cell (D2C) communications via existing available smartphones
Agenda reference: WRC-27 Agenda Item 1.13
Related body: ECC
Related group: CPG
Work item reference: FM44_47
Short name: Satellite based Direct-to-Cell (D2C) for smartphones communications
Type of document: Working group contribution and proposal
Deliverable: ECC Report
Responsible group: WG FM - FM44
Start date: 16-06-2023
Target date: 28-02-2025
Public consultation: 25-10-2024
Status: In Progress
Triggered by: Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland
Contact: Peter Faris ([email protected]
Note: )
Keywords: MNO, D2C, NTN, MFCN/ TRA-ECS
Proposal: Consider revisions to the WG-FM work item FM44_47 as shown in Annex 1
Scope: Exploration of regulatory, technical and coordination frameworks for satellite based Direct-to-Cell communications in absence of an international framework, with focus on operation in MFCN bands without satellite allocations
Teacher's Guide Background Information for No Smartphones, No TV, No Computers: Life without Rare-Earth Metals
Year: 2016
Region / city: USA
Topic: Rare-Earth Elements, Chemistry
Document Type: Educational Guide
Organization / Institution: American Chemical Society
Author: William Bleam, Pamela Diaz, Regis Goode, Diane Krone, Steve Long, Barbara Sitzman
Target Audience: Teachers, Students
Period of Validity: Indefinite
Approval Date: December 2016
Modification Date: Not specified
Table 14.1.11-2 (Satellite-based positioning) Consolidation – 3GPP SA1 Meeting #113, 9–13 February 2026
Year: 2026
Location: Goa, India
Event: 3GPP TSG-SA WG1 Meeting #113
Organization: 3GPP
Working Group: TSG-SA WG1 (SA1)
Document Type: pCR (Proposed Change Request)
Specification: 3GPP TR 22.870 v1.1.0
Agenda Item: 8.1.5
Source: 6G Study Rapporteurs
Authors / Contacts: Xiaonan Shi; Jean Trakinat
Topic: Satellite-based positioning in 6G systems
Subject: Consolidation of potential requirements for determining position, velocity and time using satellite-based positioning capabilities
Related Contributions: S1-254020; S1-254412; S1-254120; S1-254121; S1-254163; S1-254250; S1-254300r1; S1-251054
Target System: 6G system with satellite access
Proposed Changes: Consolidation, renumbering and revision of CPR entries in Table 14.1.11-2
Status: Draft revision for approval discussion
3GPP TR 22.870 Table 14.1.11-1 Satellite-Based Communication Consolidation Draft for SA1 WG1 Meeting #113 (February 2026)
Year: 2026
Meeting: 3GPP TSG-SA WG1 Meeting #113
Meeting dates: 9–13 February 2026
Location: Goa, India
Organization: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
Working Group: TSG SA WG1 (SA1)
Document type: Draft change request / technical contribution
Draft specification: 3GPP TR 22.870 v1.1.0
Agenda item: x.x
Title of contribution: Table 14.1.11-1 (Satellite-based communication) Consolidation
Authors / contributors: 6G Study Rapporteurs
Contact: Xiaonan Shi; Jean Trakinat
Topic: 6G satellite-based communication requirements
Technical scope: Consolidation of potential requirements related to satellite access, NTN/TN service continuity, HAPS communication, satellite backhaul, and coverage optimization for LEO constellations
Related documents: S1-254020; S1-254412; S1-254120; S1-254121; S1-254163; S1-254250; S1-254300r1
Purpose: Approval and discussion within SA1 prior to submission to SA
Topics: Direct-to-Cell smartphones satellite-based